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Network operators



Basicintroduction

Networkoperatorsincludetelecomoperators,whichareentitiesthatconductnetworkoperationsandprovideservices.Thenetworkproviderreferstothenetworkprovider

Whetheritisafixednetworkoperator,amobilenetworkoperatororacablenetworkoperator,theyareallfacingmultipleforcesinreshapingtheindustrystructure.Ascompetitioncontinuestointensify,thefocusofoperatorsistoprovidequalityservicesandapplicationsinthemostcost-effectiveandresource-efficientmanner.Atthesametime,fixednetworks,mobilenetworks,andIPnetworksareconverging,providingenduserswithmaximumflexibilityintermsofwhereandhowtoaccessapplications.

Thisbringssomeuniquechallengestonetworkoperatorsinmanagingandmonitoringnetworks.

Threemajormerchants

Introduction

Comparedwiththe2Gera,operatorshavedifferentstandardnetworksinthe3Gera,whichdifferentiatesbetweenthemMoreobviousandprominent,whichmeansthatinthe3Gera,thecompetitionbetweenoperatorswillbemoreintense,whichisparticularlyprominentinthenetworkitself.WhetheritisChinaMobile,theleaderinthe2Gera,orChinaUnicomandChinaTelecomthatwanttorise,theyareallequippedinthe3Gera.Atthesametime,inordertoensuretheleadingedgeinthenetwork,thethreeoperatorsallfocusonnetworkupgrades.Sowewillseealotofconceptsabout3Gupgradesandeven4Gnetworks.If2009isthefirstyearofour3Gconstruction,then2010willbeayearofhigh-speednetworkupgrades.

ChinaTelecom:EV-DOupgradefromAtoB

ChinaTelecomistheonewiththemostcomprehensivenetworkcoverageamongthethreeoperators,asearlyaslastyearInOctober2009,thenationwide3Gnetworkcoveragewascompleted.In2010,ChinaTelecominitiatedanupgradefromtheEV-DOAtotheEV-DOBnetworkversion.TheupgradedEV-DOBversioncanreachadownlinkrateof9.3Mbpsandanuplinkrateof5.4Mbps,whichisthreetimestherateofChinaTelecom's3Gnetwork.BeijingTelecomandrelatedmanufacturershaveconductedcomprehensivelivenetworktestsonthepeakrate,systemthroughput,delay,andmultimediaserviceexperienceoftheEV-DOBversionofthenetwork.GuangzhouTelecomhasalsolaunchedthesecondEV-DOBinChina.Pre-commercialnetwork.ChinaTelecomcompletedthefieldtestinearly2011,andcanstarttoupgradetheEV-DOBversionofthenetworkinmajorcitiessuchasBeijing,Shanghai,andGuangzhouinthefirsthalfof2012.Iftheeffectisgood,ChinaTelecomalsostatedthatitwillstartcommercialdeploymentofLTEnetworksin2012attheendofthisyear.

ChinaUnicom:MarchingtowardsHSPA+

ChinaUnicom’supgradeoftheWCDMAnetwork,thenextstepwillbemainlyreflectedinHSPA+.ThepeakrateofHSPA+networkcanreach21Mbps,28Mbps,42Mbpsoreven84Mbpsaccordingtodifferenttechnologies.Atpresent,thetechnologyadoptedbyUnicom's3Gnetworkterminalcanreachamaximumdownlinkof7.2Mbpsandanuplinkof5.76Mbps,whichmeansthatthespeedoftheHSPA+networkisatleast1.5timesthatoftheexistingUnicom3Gnetwork.UndertheHSPA+network,wecandownloada5MBMP3songinjust2to3seconds.

ChinaUnicomhasteamedupwiththreemainstreamWCDMAnetworkequipmentsuppliers:Huawei,Ericsson,andZTEtolaunchHSPA+networktesting.ItisexpectedtostartHSPA+networkupgradesinsomeimportantcitiesinChinainthesecondhalfoftheyear.deploy.ChinaUnicomconductedacomprehensivetestoftheHSPA+technologyofthesethreeequipmentvendors,includingoutdooruserrate,systemthroughput,networkcoverageperformanceandotheritems.Theoutdooraverageratetesthasachieved18.5Mbps,andtheindooraverageratetesthasreached19.1Mbps.Accordingtothetestexperts’explanation,ChinaUnicom’snetworktestistoprepareforthenextnetworkupgrade,andthetestresultswillbecomeanimportantbasisforChinaUnicom’sfinalchoiceofwhichcompanytobuildtheHSPA+network.

ChinaMobile:TDisonestepclosertoLTE

DifferentfromChinaUnicomandChinaTelecom,duetothecharacteristicsofthenetwork,TD-AftertheSCDMAstandard3Gnetwork,ChinaMobilewillbeonestepcloserto4Gintermsofnetworkupgrade,whichmeansthatChinaMobilewillleapfrogtheHSPAstage.ItscurrentupgradednetworkiscalledTD-LTE,whichisthe"quasi4G"standard.

ChinaMobilehasopenedthecountry'sfirstTD-LTEnetworkattheShanghaiWorldExpovenue.Intheactualfieldtest,thetransmissionrateisashighas70Mbps,whichismorethan20timesthecurrent3Gtechnology.TensystemequipmentmanufacturersincludingDatang,Huawei,ZTE,ShanghaiBell,Putian,Fiberhome,NewPost,Ericsson,NokiaSiemensNetworks,andMotorolaparticipatedinthecurrentTD-LTEresearchanddevelopmenttechnologytest.IntheongoingTD-LTEtechnologytrials,onlyLenovo,HisenseandYulongthreeterminalmanufacturersparticipate.ForeignmobilephonemanufacturershavenotyetmadeclearplansforTD-LTEterminals,andTD-LTEterminalsservingtheWorldExpoarelimitedtodata.Cardproducts.DuringtheExpo,ChinaMobilewillfocusonthehighspeedoftheTD-LTEnetwork,andwillalsoshowtheLTEdatanetworkcardforthefirsttime.Itisunderstoodthatthedatacardis50timesfasterthanthecurrent3Gdatacard.

Fromtheperspectiveofthenetworkconditionsthatthethreemajoroperatorswilldevelopthisyear,intermsoftheoreticalvalues,ChinaMobile’sTD-LTEhasmoreprominentuplinkanddownlinkrates,followedbyChinaUnicomandChinaTelecom.However,itshouldbenotedthatthisisonlyatheoreticalvalueandpartofthetestresult,anddoesnotbroadlyrepresenttherateandresultaftercommercialuse.Operatorsalsohavetoconsidermanyfactorstobeabletofinallylaunchthenetworkforcommercialuse,andthereisstillalongwaytogobeforethenewnetworkisgenerallyacceptedbyeveryone.Intheend,whetheritcanattractcustomerstothenetworkdependsonfactorssuchasnetworkstabilityandpackageprice.

Inaddition,whilepreemptivelyupgradingthenetwork,thisyear,operatorswillalsoimproveandmaintaintheexistingnetworktoacertainextent.ChinaTelecomhascompletedCDMAnetworkcoverage,andthescaleofinvestmentwillbereducedthisyear,mainlyfocusingonimprovingtheefficiencyofnetworkconstruction;ChinaMobileandChinaUnicomwillcontinuetocompleteinfrastructureconstructionandfocusonincreasing3Gnetworkcapacity.

Distribution

IntheIDCfield,ChinaTelecomisundoubtedlythelargestnetworkresourcewiththelargestbusinessscale.EastChinaCoast,SouthChinaCoastandSouthwestChinaarethemaincoverageareasoftelecommunications;ChinaNetcom'snameRankedsecond,Netcom’scomputerroomnetworkandtelecommunicationsare"ruledacrosstheYangtzeRiver"andaremainlydistributedinnorthernChinaandsurroundingareas;ChinaRailcomranksthird,withitsmainresourcesconcentratedinNorthChinaandNortheastChina;ChinaMobileandChinaUnicomalsohaveasmallamountofcomputerroomresources.,Butgenerallyitisacooperativeway,thescaleofthecomputerroomisnotlarge,andasmallamountoftelecommunicationsbandwidthisused.

Inaddition,thelengthandwidthnotmentionedaboveactuallyhavetheirownlines,buttheylackcomputerroomresources,butinsomemulti-linecomputerroomstherearelongandwidelineaccess;anditclaimstobetheseventhinthecountry.CECHuatong,alargenetworkoperator,hasalotofcomputerroomresourcesinvariousplaces,butitisalsoaformofcooperation,mainlyusingtelecommunicationsbandwidth,anditalsohasitsowntwo-linecomputerroom.

ChinaTelecom

ChinaTelecomGroupCorporationisasuperlargestate-ownedcommunicationsenterpriseestablishedinaccordancewiththenationaltelecommunicationssystemreformplan.ItwasreorganizedandestablishedinMay2002.AftertheoriginalChinaTelecomdividedthenorthandthesouth,ChinaTelecomhas21provincial-leveltelecommunicationscompaniesunderitsjurisdictionandowns70%oftheassetsofthenationallong-distancetransmissiontelecommunicationsnetwork.Itallowstheconstructionoflocaltelephonenetworksandtheoperationoflocalfixedtelephonesinthetennorthernprovinces.Waitingforbusiness.ThereorganizedChinaTelecomCorporationismanagedbythecentralgovernment.ItisaninstitutionauthorizedbytheStateCounciltoinvestandapilotstate-controlledcompany.AssetsandfinancialrelationsarelistedseparatelyintheMinistryofFinance.TheregisteredcapitalofChinaTelecomCorporationis158billionyuan.Atpresent,itmainlyoperatesvariousdomesticandinternationalfixedtelecommunicationsnetworkfacilities,includinglocalwirelessloops;voice,data,imageandmultimediacommunicationandinformationservicesbasedontelecommunicationsnetworks;foreignsettlementofinternationaltelecommunicationsservices,anddevelopmentofoverseascommunicationmarkets;Communicationandinformationbusiness-relatedsystemintegration,technologydevelopment,technicalservices,informationconsulting,advertising,publishing,equipmentproductionandsales,importandexport,designandconstruction,etc.;andaccordingtomarketdevelopmentneeds,operateotherbusinessesapprovedorpermittedbythestate.ChinaTelecomGroupCorporationcontinuestoownthegoodwillandintangibleassetsof"ChinaTelecom".ChinaTelecomCorporationhas21provincial-levelenterprises.Thegroupcompanyand21provincial-levelenterpriseshaveaparent-subsidiaryrelationshipwithcapitalasthelinkandnetworkandbusinessasthelink.TheestablishmentoftheChinaTelecomGroupCorporationmarkedthatChina'stelecommunicationsindustryhasenteredanewstageofhealthydevelopment.

ChinaUnicom

ChinaUnitedTelecommunicationsCo.,Ltd.wasestablishedonJuly19,1994.TheestablishmentofChinaUnicomhasintroducedcompetitioninthefieldofmycountry'sbasictelecommunicationsbusiness,andhasplayedapositiveroleinpromotingthereformanddevelopmentofmycountry'stelecommunicationsindustry.

ChinaUnicomhasestablishedmorethan300branchesandsubsidiariesin30provinces,autonomousregions,andmunicipalitiesacrossthecountry.ChinaUnicomistheonlydomestictelecommunicationscompanylistedinNewYork,HongKongandShanghaiatthesametime.InJune2000,thecompanywassuccessfullylistedinHongKongandNewYorkandraisedUS$5.65billion,makingitoneofthetopteninthehistoryofglobalinitialpublicofferings.InOctober2002,thecompanysuccessfullycompletedtheA-sharelistinginShanghaiandbecamethelargestlistedcompanywiththelargesttradablesharesinthedomesticcapitalmarket.ChinaUnicomadherestomarket-oriented,efficiency-centric,unifiedplanningofnetworkconstruction,rationaluseofnetworkresources,attentiontotheuseofsocialforces,maintainingcontinuous,healthyandrapiddevelopment,andstrivingtoprovidesocietywithcomprehensive,convenientanddistinctivetelecommunicationservices.

Sinceitsestablishment,ChinaUnicom'soverallstrengthhascontinuedtoincrease.Thetelecommunicationsbusinessoperatedhasevolvedfrommobilephones(GSM)andwirelesspagingatthebeginningofitsestablishmenttothecurrentmobilephones,long-distancecalls,localcalls,datacommunications(includingInternetservicesandIPphones),telecommunicationsvalue-addedservices,wirelesspaging,andOtherbusinessesrelatedtothemainbusiness.

Lookingforwardtothefuture,ChinaUnicomwillcontinuetopromotevarioushumanresourcesmanagementsystemsbasedonthestrategicdevelopmentthinkingof"mobile-oriented,comprehensivedevelopment;coordinatedanddifferentiatedoperationsbetweenthetwonetworks;leadingefficiency,biggerandstronger"Theinnovationandin-depthdevelopmentofthecompanyhasbuiltthecompanyintoa"matchedanddistinctive"marketcompetitionsubjectinmycountry'stelecommunicationsmarket,andranksamongtheworld'sfirst-classtelecommunicationsoperators!

ChinaMobile

ChinaMobileCommunicationsCorporation(“ChinaMobileCommunications”forshort)isbasedonthecountry’sdeploymentandrequirementsforthereformofthetelecommunicationssystem,andtheoveralldivestmentoftheoriginalChinaTelecom’smobilecommunicationsassetsAnimportantstate-ownedbackboneenterpriseestablishedonthebasisofthisfoundationwasestablishedonApril20,2000andisdirectlymanagedbythecentralgovernment.

ChinaMobileCommunicationsCorporationhasaregisteredcapitalof51.8billionyuan,anassetscaleofmorethan320billionyuan,and120,800employees.ChinaMobileCommunicationsCorporationhaswholly-ownedsubsidiariesin10provinces(autonomousregions)inChina,andwhollyownsChinaMobile(HongKong)GroupCo.,Ltd.,whichiscontrolledbyChinaMobile(HongKong)Co.,Ltd.in21provinces(autonomousregions)inChina.,Municipalities)establishedwholly-ownedsubsidiariesandlistedinHongKongandNewYork.

ChinaMobileCommunicationsismainlyengagedinmobilevoice,data,IPtelephonyandmultimediaservices,andhastherighttooperatecomputerInternetinternationalnetworkingunitsandtherighttooperateinternationalgateways.Inadditiontoprovidingbasicvoiceservices,italsoprovidesavarietyofvalue-addedservicessuchasfax,data,andIPtelephony.Ithasfamousservicebrandssuchas"GlobalConnect","ShenzhouXing"and"DynamicZone".Theservicenetworknumberis"139,138,137,136",135".ChinaMobileCommunicationsistheonlydomesticcommunicationscompanythatfocusesonthedevelopmentofmobilecommunications.Ithasalwaysplayedaleadingroleinthedevelopmentofmycountry’smobilecommunicationsandoccupiesanimportantpositioninthefieldofinternationalmobilecommunications.Aftermorethantenyearsofconstructionanddevelopment,ChinaMobileCommunicationshasbuiltacomprehensivecommunicationnetworkwithwidecoverage,highcommunicationquality,richbusinessvarieties,andfirst-classservicelevels.Thenetworkscaleandcustomerscalerankfirstintheworld.Asoftheendof2002,thenetworkhascoveredmostcounties(cities)acrossthecountry,themaintrafficarterieshaveachievedcontinuouscoverage,thekeyareasinthecityhavebasicallyachievedindoorcoverage,theG***mobilephoneexchangecapacityhasreached182millionhouseholds,andthetotalnumberofcustomershasexceeded1.38Yihuhasopenedinternationalroamingserviceswithnearly200mobilecommunicationoperatorsin116countriesandregions.Atpresent,ChinaMobile(HongKong)Co.,Ltd.isoneofthecompanieswiththelargestmarketcapitalizationamongmycountry'soverseaslistedcompanies.

ChinaMobileCommunicationshassuccessfullyenteredtheinternationalcapitalmarket.Afteritssuccessfullistingoverseasin1997,itsgoodbusinessperformanceandhugedevelopmentpotentialhaveattractedmanyinternationalinvestmentsandhavesuccessivelyabsorbedalargeamountofforeignexchangeforthecountry.AccordingtothelatestrankingoftheFortune500publishedbytheUS"Fortune"magazine,ChinaMobileCommunicationsranked287th.

Accordingtothecountry'srequirementsforcultivatingagroupoflarge-scaleenterprisegroupswithinternationalcompetitiveness,ChinaMobilehasestablishedthedevelopmentstrategygoalof"strivingtobeaworld-classcommunicationsenterprise".Focusingonthisgoal,ChinaMobilefullyimplementstherecentstrategicfocusof"leadinginserviceandbusiness",strivestoenhanceitsleadingedge,ensuresthesustainableandstabledevelopmentoftheenterprise,andmakesduecontributionstopromotingmycountry'snewindustrializationpath.

Contentsofoperation

Networkwebsiteoperationincludesmanycontents,suchasdomainnameconceptselection,websitepromotion,networkmarketingmanagement,websiteimprovementandchanges,websitepost-updatemaintenance,websiteThemostimportantthingisthemaintenanceandpromotionofthewebsite.Themostimportantcontentincludes:websitecontentplanningandpublishing(contentselection,designinlinewithwebsitecontentspecificationsandwebsiteoptimizationideas,periodicwebsitecontentrelease);implementationandeffecttrackingofvariouswebsitepromotionmethods;websitetrafficstatisticsanalysisAndthewebsiteanalysisandimprovementsuggestionsputforwardonthebasisofvariousdataanalysis.

Britishmerchants

Introduction

ThefivelargestmobilenetworkoperatorsintheUKareO2,Vodafone,T-MOBILE,3G,andOrange,theUKmobilephoneserviceoperatorandmanymore.ThepersonalterminalmobilecommunicationserviceintheUnitedKingdomislikethis.Acompany’smobilephonecardnumberisbundledwithamobilephone.Therearemanystylesofmobilephones,youcanchoosefrom,andthensignacontract.Thecontractisfrom1yearto18months,andthepaymentis20permonth.Uptothemonthlysubscriptionfeeof£30,thisfreemobilephoneisyours,butsomenewpopularhigh-pricedmobilephoneshavetopaysomepurchasefeesinadditiontothemonthlycontract,suchastheNokia8800,ifyousignthemobilephoneonlineInadditiontothemonthlyrentof25poundspermonth(includinghundredsofminutesoffreephonecallsandhundredsoftextmessagesthatcanbeusedtomakecallstoanynetworkintheUK),aseparatepurchasefeeof175pounds(1pound14yuan)isnotthelatestMobilephonesofthistype,suchasMotorolaV3andsoon,willbegiventoyouforfree.

BecauseofthefiercecompetitionamongmobilephonecompaniesintheUK,somecompaniessetupmobilephonelocksattheircompany’sbundledmobilephonevendorsinordertoretaincustomers.Inthiscase,forexample,O2’smobilephonescanonlyuseO2phones.Mobilephonecards,mobilephonecardsofothercompaniescannotbeidentifiedandusedonthisbundledmobilephone,butinfact,manyinternationalstudentstakethislockedmobilephonetodecodeitandchangeittoaChineseoperatingsystemtotakeitbacktothecountryforuse.(SomeChinesestudentsspecificallyfindthemostexpensivemobilephonewhentheygraduateandreturntoChinatosignitandthenbringitbacktothecountryforresale,andthemonthlyrentofthemobilephoneisalsolost.)Domesticmobilecommunicationmallsgenerallyhavespecialdecodingandoperatingsystemchanges,andthepriceisaboutAround100yuan.

O2Company

O2CompanywasseparatedfromthelargesttelecommunicationscompanyBTintheUnitedKingdomin2001.ItisthesixthlargesttelecommunicationscompanyinEurope.ItislocatedinSlough,England,with15,000Staff,with24.6millionusersintheUK,IrelandandGermany.Justthismonth,theSpanishtelecommunicationsgiantTelefonicaacquiredtheBritishmobileoperatorO2forUS$31.4billion(£17.7billion).ManyChineseinternationalstudentsusethisO2networkbecausetheycanuseO2'smonthlyfreetimetomakedomesticinternationallongdistancecalls.Thisisverycheap,onlyafewcentsperminute.

T-MOBILE

T-MOBILEisthemobilecommunicationsdivisionofDeutscheTelekom,anditiscurrentlythelargesttelecomoperatorinEuropeandthethirdlargestintheworld.

3Gcompany

TheBritish3GcompanyisamobileoperatorinwhichHongKong’sLiKa-shinghasthemajorityshareholder.HutchisonWhampoatooktheleadinlaunchinga3GnetworkintheUKtocompetewithVodafonetograbthemarket.ThisistheprideofusChinese.

Orange

TheBritishmobilephoneserviceoperatorOrangewasacquiredbyFrance,andFranceTelecompurchasedtheBritishcompanyORANGE,thethirdlargestoperatorofmobilecommunicationsinEurope.Thetransactioncost43.2billioneuros(26.9billionpounds).FranceTelecomwillmergeitsmobilephoneandinternationalmobileservicesinFrancewithORANGE.ThenewcompanybecamethesecondlargestmobilecommunicationscompanyinEuropeafterVodafone.

Vodafone

VodafoneisaBritishcompanyandtheworld’slargestmobilecommunicationscompany,withinvestmentsin28countriesonfivecontinentsandalargeshareofthetelecommunicationsmarketinHongKong,China.,EspeciallynowthatitissteppingupitspenetrationintoChina.ItfirstsuppressedChina'sHuawei,acquiredtheBritishMarconiCommunicationsEquipmentCompanyatapricetwicethatofHuawei,andtheninvestedinChinaMobile.Hisstrengthisstillverystrong..

Intercommunicationbarriers

WiththerapiddevelopmentofwirelessInternet,theproblemofdockingbetweenwirelessInternetanddifferentwiredInternetandtheincreaseofaccessspeedhavebeguntosurface.

Interconnection

Atpresent,thereare9profit-makingandnon-profit-makingcompaniesinmycountryincludingChinaTelecom,ChinaNetcom,ChinaMobile,ChinaUnicom,GoldenBridgeNetwork,EducationNetwork,etc.Internetnetworkoperatingunitsandhundredsofinter-provincialISPs(Internetaccessserviceproviders).Thereisahugegapbetweennetworkoperatingunitsintermsofnetworkscale,numberofusers,andonlineresources.ChinaTelecomandChinaNetcomaredominantin21provinces,autonomousregions,andmunicipalitiesinthesouthand10provinces,autonomousregions,andcitiesinthenorth.

IntermsofInternetaccess,GongShuangjin,anexpertattheInstituteofTelecommunicationsResearchoftheMinistryofInformationIndustry,believesthatthekeytoInternetaccessisintercommunicationratherthaninterconnection.BecausetheinterconnectionthatInternetuserscanexperienceisthespeedofinterconnectionbetweentheInternet,fromthisperspective,theproblemofinterconnectionbetweentheInternetisnotjustasimplehorizontalinterconnectionofsimilarnetworks,butexpandsintocross-network,cross-regional,andCross-businessandcross-borderinterconnectionissues,includingthree-dimensionalintercommunicationissues,havethecharacteristicsofdiversification,multi-level,andcomplexity.

Afteryearsofeffortsbyrelevantdepartments,theinterconnectionbetweentheInternethasalsoachievedcorrespondingresults.Atpresent,theInternethasbeeninterconnected,andatleasttheinterconnectedphysicalnodesarewidelylaid.However,thisonlyrealizestheintercommunicationbetweenseveralmajorbackbonenetworks,anddoesnotfundamentallysolvetheinterconnectionandintercommunicationproblemsoftheInternet.AstheInternetinvariousregionsisnotinterconnectedlocally,allcross-networktraffichastopassthroughthreeNAPpoints,buttherearestilltwomajorproblemsthatmustberesolved.Ontheonehand,thereisaproblemofintercommunicationbetweentheInternet.Sinceonlineinformationsourcesaredistributedindifferentnetworks,ifauserwantstovisitalocalwebsiteofanon-localoperatingunit,heneedstodetourBeijing,ShanghaiorGuangzhou.Thespeedofthenetworkservicecanbeimagined.,Intercommunicationisonlyaconceptualintercommunication,andthequalityofnetworkservicesisgreatlyreduced.

Ontheotherhand,itisawasteofresources.AlargeamountoftrafficcircumventstheNationalInternetExchangeCenter,occupyingalargeamountofnetworkbandwidth.Inordertoimproveservicequality,someICP(Internetcontentserviceproviders)arealsoforcedtoaddequipmentondifferentnetworks,whichhascausedagreatwasteofnetworkresources.

Therefore,ithasbecomethekeytoeffectivelysolvetheproblemofinteroperabilitybetweentheInternet.Moreover,withtheintegrationanddevelopmentofnetworksandtheIP-basedlargenumberofservices,next-generationnetworkswillinevitablyfacethesameinterconnectionissuesastheInternet.

Efficiencycompetition

Whensolvinginterconnection,thereisabalancebetweenefficiencyandcompetition.Yangfan,aconsultantfromChinaResearchInstituteBofengTelecom,pointedoutthatwhendifferentnetworksareinterconnected,therearenetworkexternalities.SincemostoftheonlineinformationsourcesaredistributedontheInternet-dominantoperator'snetwork,smalloperatorswillinevitablybequestionedbyusersaboutnetworkservicequalityissuessuchasslownetworkspeedswhendevelopingservices,whichisnotconducivetobusinessdevelopmentandtheindustryFullcompetition.

Fortheinterconnectionandintercommunicationbetweendifferentnetworks,relevantstandardsmustbeformulatedandoverallplanningmustbecarriedout,especiallytheinterconnectionandintercommunicationbetweenInternetbackbonenetworks,soastoensurethequalityofInternetcommunicationandtrulyachieveIntercommunication.HepointedoutthattheserulesandstandardsmustincludenotonlyplanningtheInternetnetworkframework,butalsoresearchingandformulatingindustrystandardsfortheentireInternetcommunicationqualityandformulatingcorrespondingsupervisionandpunishmentmechanisms,soastoimprovetheoverallnetworkefficiencyinthecompetition.

Inordertoadapttothefuturedevelopment,relevantdepartmentshavedoneconsiderableworkontheinterconnectionandintercommunicationoftheInternet,includingregularnotificationandsupervisionofthequalityofInternetcommunications,andurgingrelevantunitstoexpandthebandwidthoftheInternettoalleviatetheproblemofbandwidthshortage;FormulatescientificandreasonableInternetinter-networksettlementpolicies,andpromoteInternetinterconnectionthrougheconomicmeans;paycloseattentiontotheproblemsexistingintheoperationoftheInternet,studyandsolvetheproblemofinter-networkbandwidthoccupation,andimprovetheInternetuserexperience;guidevarioustelecommunicationsbusinessoperatorsExploremorescientificandreasonablebusinessmodels,buttheseneedtobefurtherpromoted,especiallyfortheinterconnectionbetweenthemobileInternetandthefixedInternet.

Networkoperatorshavetheresponsibilityandobligationtocarryouttheinterconnectionandintercommunicationbetweendifferentnetworks.Undertechnicallyfeasibleconditions,theinterconnectionandintercommunicationshouldbecarriedoutinaccordancewitheconomicrationalityandensuringtheeconomicinterestsofbothparties.Infact,Itisbeneficialtothedevelopmentofbothparties,especiallythedevelopmentofnewnetworkoperators.Atthispoint,large-scalenetworkoperatorsshouldnotsetupinterconnectionbarrierstoensuretheimplementationofinterconnectionbetweennetworksandtheeffectivedevelopmentofmarketcompetition.

WirelessWire

Atpresent,mycountry'swirelessInternetindustryhasbeguntotakeshape.AccordingtotheCNNICreport,asoftheendofJune2007,thenumberofWAPusersinmycountrywasabout44.3million,thenumberofWAPsiteswithindependentwirelessdomainnameswasabout65,000,andthenumberofWAPwebpageswasabout260million.

ThesewirelessInternetusershaveagreatdemandforaccessingdifferentnetworks.Conversely,wiredInternetusersalsohavethesameneeds.Facedwiththesetwousergroups,especiallythewirelessInternetusergroup,theyhopetobeabletoaccessthefixedInternetthroughthemobileInternetsoastobeabletousesomemorematurenetworkapplications.ThishascreatedademandforinterconnectionbetweenthewirelessInternetandthewiredInternet.

InviewoftheinterconnectionbetweenwirelessInternetandwiredInternet,somepeopleintheindustrybelievethatthisinterconnectiondemandisnotonlyforusers,butalsoformanyInternetcompanies.OnthetraditionalInternet,therearemanymaturecommercialapplications.HowtoloadthesematureapplicationsonthewirelessInternetandpromotethedevelopmentofthewirelessInternetindustryisthe"dream"ofmanymobileInternetcompanies,butthismustbebasedontheinterconnectionofthetwonetworks.Intercommunication.

RelevantpersonsinChinaTelecompointedoutthattheinterconnectionbetweenthewirelessInternetandthewiredInternetiseasierthantheinterconnectionbetweenthetraditionalInternet.Nowadays,communicationtechnologyisdevelopingrapidly,andmanytechnologiessupporttheaccessandconstructionofvirtualsitesofthewirelessInternet.Therefore,itiseasiertosolvetheproblemsoftheintegrationandinterconnectionofthetwonetworks.

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