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Copper type



Historicaldevelopment

In1403AD,NorthKoreahasbeguntocastalargenumberofcoppermovabletypeprintingbooks.Thepreparationmethodfirstusesboxwoodtoengrave,turnitintoasandmold,andinjectcopperliquidtoformtheword.DuringtheHongzhiZhengdeperiodoftheMingDynastyinChina(1488-1521),coppermovabletypeprintingwaswidelyusedinWuxi,Changzhou,SuzhouandNanjing.InthefourthyearofYongzhengintheQingDynasty(1726),Wuyingdianusedcoppermovabletypetoprint10,000volumesof"AncientandModernBooks".Alsocalled"Bronze"intheprovince.

Bronzemovabletype(5sheets)

Attheendofthe15thcenturyandthebeginningofthe16thcentury,theprintingofmovabletypebronzebecamepopularinsouthernChina.

ThemovablemudtypeprintingtechniquepioneeredbyBiShengintheSongDynastyisoneofthefourgreatinventionsofourcountryandiswell-knownintheworld.Later,movabletypeprintingbooksmadeofwoodandtinappeared.IntheMingDynasty,coppermovabletypeprintingwasmorecommonlyused.WuxiFahrenheitandAnshiarethemostfamousincoppermovabletypeprinting.InthethirdyearofHongzhiintheMingDynasty(1490),HuaSui(1439~1513)firstprinted50volumesof"TheCollectedWorksoftheOfficialsoftheSongDynasty"printedbyHuitongguan,andlaterprinted"TheValleyofSplendidFlowers"and"LearningfromBaichuan",etc.Books,manyancientbookshavebeenpreserved.

InthelateKangxiperiodoftheQingDynasty,Neifuhadbronzecharacters,andseveralbooksonastronomyandmathematicswereprinted.InthesixthyearoftheYongzhengperiod(1728),ChenMenglei's"AncientandModernBookCollection"wasprintedin10,000volumes,64volumes,with5020volumeseach.Thisisthelargestandmostwell-preservedbook,andhasalwaysbeenanimportantreferencebookforscholarsathomeandabroad.ThefolkcopperplateshavetheJiangsuChuligeprintedition,whichisearlierthantheNeifucoppercharacters.InthetwelfthyearofJiaqing(1807),Taiwan'sarmysoldierWulongacarvedbronzecharactersandprinted"ShengYuGuangXun".LinChunqiofFuzhouistheonewhomadethemostbronzecharacters.Heturnedmorethan200,000taelsofsilver.In21years,inthetwenty-sixthyearofDaoguang(1846),hehiredworkerstoengravemorethan400,000largeandsmallbronzecharacters.ThescriptsareexquisiteandprintedwithGuYanwu's"YinLun"and"SongBenYin"intheQingDynasty.",called"FutianShuhai".TherearealsocollectionsofpoemsandessaysprintedonthecopperplateofJuzheninHangzhou.ThefontsarealmostthesameasthoseofFutianShuhai.InChangzhou,theeighthyearofXianfeng(1858)"TheGenealogyoftheXuFamilyinPiling",whichistheonlybronzetypebookinthegenealogy.

Influence

Thepopularityofcoppermovabletypeprintingisanothermajorimprovementinprintingtechnologysincetheinventionofmovabletypeprinting,anditisalsoanimportantsymbolofthematuredevelopmentofChineseprinting.

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