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Nanotechnology

Overview

Theso-callednanotechnologyreferstothestudyofthelawsandcharacteristicsofthemovementofelectrons,atomsandmoleculesonthescaleof0.1to100nanometersAbrand-newtechnology.Intheprocessofstudyingthecompositionofmatter,scientistsdiscoveredthatseveralordozensofcountableatomsormoleculesisolatedatthenanometerscaleexhibitedmanynewcharacteristics,andtechnologiesthatusethesecharacteristicstomakedeviceswithspecificfunctions,Itiscallednanotechnology..Themaindifferencebetweennanotechnologyandmicroelectronicstechnologyis:nanotechnologyistocontrolindividualatomsandmoleculestoachievespecificfunctionsofthedevice,anditusesthevolatilityofelectronstowork;whilemicroelectronicstechnologymainlycontrolselectronicgroupsToachieveitsfunction,itusestheparticlenatureofelectronstowork.Thepurposeofpeople'sresearchanddevelopmentofnanotechnologyistoachieveeffectivecontroloftheentiremicroscopicworld.

Summary

Nanotechnologyisahighlyintersectingcomprehensivediscipline,andtheresearchcontentinvolvesawiderangeofmodernscienceandtechnology.In1993,theInternationalNanotechnologySteeringCommitteedividednanotechnologyintosixsub-disciplines:nanoelectronics,nanophysics,nanochemistry,nanobiology,nanoprocessing,andnanometrics.Amongthem,nanophysicsandnanochemistryarethetheoreticalbasisofnanotechnology,andnanoelectronicsisthemostimportantcontentofnanotechnology.

Nanotechnology

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Nanotechnologyisactuallyatechnologythatusessingleatomsandmoleculestomakesubstances.

Fromtheresearchstatussofar,therearethreeconceptsaboutnanotechnology.ThefirstisthemolecularnanotechnologyproposedbytheAmericanscientistDr.Drexlerinthebook"TheMachineofCreation"in1986.Accordingtothisconcept,themachinethatcombinesmoleculescanbeputintopracticaluse,sothatallkindsofmoleculescanbecombinedarbitrarily,andanykindofmolecularstructurecanbeproduced.Thisconceptofnanotechnologyhasnotmadesignificantprogress.

Thesecondconceptpositionsnanotechnologyasthelimitofmicromachiningtechnology.Thatis,thetechnologyofartificiallyformingnano-sizedstructuresthroughnano-precision"processing".Thisnano-levelprocessingtechnologyalsomakessemiconductorminiaturizationabouttoreachitslimit.Eveniftheexistingtechnologycontinuestodevelop,theoreticallyspeaking,itwilleventuallyreachitslimit.Thisisbecauseifthelinewidthofthecircuitisreduced,theinsulatingfilmconstitutingthecircuitwillbeextremelythin,whichwilldestroytheinsulatingeffect.Inaddition,thereareproblemssuchasheatgenerationandshaking.Inordertosolvetheseproblems,researchersarestudyingnewtypesofnanotechnology.

Thethirdconceptisproposedfromtheperspectiveofbiology.Originally,organismshavenano-scalestructuresincellsandbiofilms.

Nanotechnologyincludesnanobiology,nanoelectronics,nanomaterials,nanomechanics,nanochemistryandotherdisciplines.Frommicro-technology,includingmicroelectronics,tonano-technology,humanbeingsaregettingdeeperanddeeperintothemicro-world,andthelevelofpeople'sunderstandingandtransformationofthemicro-worldhasreachedanunprecedentedlevel.ThefamousChinesescientistQianXuesenalsopointedoutthatstructuresaroundnanometersandbelownanometersareafocusofthenextstageofscientificandtechnologicaldevelopment,whichwillbeatechnologicalrevolution,whichwillcauseanotherindustrialrevolutioninthe21stcentury.

Althoughthereisstillalongwaytogobeforetheapplicationstage,duetotheextremelybroadapplicationprospectsbredbynanotechnology,developedcountriessuchastheUnitedStates,Japan,andtheUnitedKingdomhaveallattachedgreatimportancetonanotechnology.Developaresearchplanandconductrelatedresearch

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