Demande
Sincethereformandopeningup, asthecountryhasimprovedthelevelofagriculturalmechanizationandacceleratedtheimplementationofruralinfrastructurepolicies, mycountry'sagriculturalmachineryindustryhasdevelopedsignificantly, andhasformedinternalcombustionenginesandtractors, Transportationmachinery, harvestingmachinery, animalhusbandrymachinery, trailerinternalaccessoriesandmanyothersmallindustries, andformacompleteindustrialsystem.Therapiddevelopmentofagriculturalmachineryanditsapplicationinruralareashasacceleratedthereformoftheruralagriculturallaborstructureinmycountry, whichhaspromotedtheconstructionofanewcountrysideinmycountryandthedevelopmentoftheruraleconomy.Lookingatthecurrentsituationofthedemandanduseofagriculturalmachineryinruralareas, therearemainlythefollowingcharacteristics.:
1)La demande rurale de machines agricoles a un grand potentiel
La Chine a des terres immenses et des ressources abondantes, et c'est aussi une agriculture.
2) Les différences et les niveaux d'achat de machines agricoles en milieu rural sont prépondérants
Duetothevastterritoryandscattereddistributionofruralareas, itisdifficulttobuyagriculturalmachineryinthesamewayastheurbanpopulation.Concentratedpurchaseshaveledtooutstandingdifferencesandlevelsofagriculturalmachinerypurchasesintheruralmarket.First, thelevelofpurchaseofagriculturalmachineryvariesamongruralareas, andthedemandforagriculturalmachineryproductsisalsodifferentinruralplains, collines, prairies, andmountains.Second, evenifdifferentfarmersinthesameareahavedifferentlevelsofwealth, habitants des zones rurales therearedifferenceswhenbuyingagriculturalmachinery.Third, mycountry'sruralmarketisalsohierarchical.Itisroughlydividedintothree-tieredmarketsintheeastcoast, CentralPlains, andwesterninland.Thefarmersinthesethree-tieredmarketsalsohavedifferentconsumerpsychologyandconsumptionstructureinagriculturalmachineryconsumption ..
3) L'achat de machines agricoles en milieu rural est exemplaire
Parce quelamajoritédesagriculteursrurauxconserventtoujoursdefortesidéespaysannes,etlescaractéristiquesdeviedeszonesrurales voisinesseulementauxagriculteurs'il y auneforteconformitéetunepsychologiedecomparaisonentrelesdeux,etsouventtouslesproblèmesd'unagriculteurdépannerontl'informationàd'autresagriculteurs.
4) L'achat de machines agricoles en milieu rural fait attention à la fonctionnalité
Theruralfarmers'consumptionoutlookisrelativelysimple, andtheagriculturalmachineryconsumermarketisstillinthestageoffunctionaldemand, thatis, farmersmainlyemphasizethepracticabilityofproductsAndmaterialbenefits, anddonotpaymuchattentiontotheindividualdisplayandaestheticvalueoftheproduct.Theperformanceoffarmers'functionalconsumptionconcepttothedemandforagriculturalmachineryproductsmainlyincludesthefollowing: D'abord, thepracticalityofagriculturalmachinery, farmerspaymoreattentiontotheproductperformanceofagriculturalmachinery, andcanadapttotheconsumptionlevelandconsumptionenvironmentinruralareas.Idon'tpaymuchattentiontothebeautyofagriculturalmachinery, thesecondisthelowpriceofagriculturalmachinery.Onthepremiseofensuringthepracticalityanddurabilityofagriculturalmachinery, farmersrequirethatthecheapertheagriculturalmachineryis, thebetter.Ifthebasicfunctionsofthetwoagriculturalmachineryarethesame, thefarmersmustbeChoosetheonewithalowerprice; thethirdisthesimplicityofagriculturalmachinery.Farmersaregenerally dans l'utilisation de machines agricoles, il suffit de souligner que les machines agricoles ont des fonctions de base simples, comme combiner les moissonneuses-batteuses dans les machines agricoles et les agriculteurs.
Introductionàmachines
Theoriginofagriculturalmachinerycanbetracedbacktotheeraofprimitivesocietyusingsimpleagriculturaltools.InChina, duringtheYangshaocultureperiodoftheNeolithicAge (about5000to3000BC), therewasaprimitivefarmingtool-LeiLei.Copperplowshareshavebeenusedforcattlefarminginthe13thcenturyBC.BytheSpringandAutumnPeriodandWarringStatesPeriodinthe3rdcenturyBC, therewereaseriesofironandwoodenfarmtoolssuchasarableland, la plantation, la récolte, processingandirrigation.Around90BC, ZhaoGuoinventedthethree-linedrill, Lestrois-linedrill, whosebasicstructureisstillusedtoday.Bythe9thcentury, ananimal-poweredplowwithafairlycompletestructurehadbeenformed.Inancientbookssuchas "QiMinYaoShu" (about540) "LeiLeiJing"(environ 880),"Nongshu"(environ1310) de WangZhen,"TiangongKaiwu"(1637)etd'autreslivres anciens,laproductionagricolededifférentespériodesLesdiversmachinesetoutilsutilisésdansellesontbiendocumentés.
The19thcenturytothebeginningofthe20thcenturywastheeraofthedevelopmentandlarge-scaleuseofnewanimalfarmmachinery.In1831, AmericanC.H.McCormickcreatedasuccessfulhorse-drawnharvester.Thefirsthorse-drawngraincombineappearedin1836.From1850to1855, grainplanters, lawnmowersandcornplantersweremanufacturedandpromotedsuccessively.Atthebeginningofthe20thcentury, tractorspoweredbyinternalcombustionenginesbegantograduallyreplacelivestock, andwerewidelyusedastractionpowerforvariousfieldoperationsandusedtodrivevariousagriculturalmachineryforfixedoperations.
Inthelate1930s, HGFergusonintheUnitedKingdomcreatedasuccessfultractor'sfarmimplementsuspensionsystem, whichmadethetractorandfarmimplementsformawhole, greatlyimprovingtheuseandoperationofthetractor.Thesuspensionsystemoffarmimplementscontrolledbyhydraulicsystemalsomakesthemanipulationandcontroloffarmimplementslighterandmoreflexible.Theagriculturalmachinerymatchedwiththetractorgraduallyshiftsfromthetractiontypetothesuspensiontypeandthesemi-suspensiontype, whichreducestheweightoftheagriculturalmachineryandsimplifiesthestructure.Sincethe1940s, graincombineharvestersinEuropeanandAmericancountrieshavegraduallychangedfromtractiontoself-propelled.Inthe1960s, harvestingmachineryforfruitsandvegetableswasdeveloped.Sincethe1970s, electronictechnologyhasbeengraduallyappliedtothemonitoringandcontroloftheoperationprocessofagriculturalmachinery, andhasgraduallydevelopedinthedirectionofautomationoftheoperationprocess.
Critères de classification
Agriculturalmachineryisgenerallyclassifiedbypurpose.Mostofthemachineryisspeciallydesignedandmanufacturedaccordingtothecharacteristicsofagricultureandthespecialrequirementsofvariousoperations, suchassoiltillagemachinery, plantingandfertilizingmachinery, plantprotectionmachinery, cropharvestingmachinery, animalhusbandrymachinery, andagriculturalproductprocessingmachinery.Theotherpartofagriculturalmachineryiscommonlyusedinotherindustriesandcanbedirectlyselectedaccordingtothecharacteristicsandneedsofagriculture, suchasagriculturalpowermachinery, waterpumpsinfarmlandirrigationanddrainagemachinery, etc;. Orthesemachinerycanbedesignedasagriculturalvariantsaccordingtothecharacteristicsandneedsofagriculture, suchasagricultureAgriculturalvehiclesandtrailersintransportationmachineryandsoilandstonemachineryinfarmlandconstructionmachinery.
Agriculturalmachinerycanalsobeclassifiedaccordingtothepowerusedanditssupportingmethods.Thepowerofagriculturalmachineryapplicationcanbedividedintotwoparts: onepartisusedforwalkingormovingofagriculturalmachinery, accordingtowhichitcanbedividedintomanpower (main, sac à dos, chesthangingandpush-pull), animaltraction, tractortractionandpowerself-propelledtype, Theotherpartisusedtodrivetheworkingpartsofagriculturalmachinery, whichcanbedividedintomanpower (manivelle, pédale, etc.) En voiture, animalpowerdrive, electromechanicalpowerdrive (usinginternalcombustionengine, de windturbine, moteur électrique, etc. .)etentraînementdutracteur.Sur unemêmemachineagricole,lesdeuxpiècespeuventutiliserlamêmepuissanceoudifférente.Selon la méthode d'appariementmachineagricoleettracteur,ellepeutêtrediviséeentraction,suspensionetsemi-suspension.
Selonlemodedefonctionnement,lesmachinesagricolespeuventêtrediviséesendeuxcatégories:opérationdemaréeetopérationfixe.Parmilesmachinesagricolespouropérationdemarche,ilexistedeuxtypesdetypedemaréecontinuedanslaquellel'opérationestendéplacementcontinuetdetypemarcheintermittentedanslaquellel'opérationde déplacementestréellementeffectuée.
Selon le lieu d'exploitation, les machines agricoles sont divisées en opérations de terrain (champs, pâturages et vergers, etc.), opérations de cour, opérations d'intérieur (usines, salles informatiques, entrepôts, serres et bâtiments d'élevage, etc.), eau ou eau Types d'opérations (rivières, canaux, réservoirs et puits, etc.), opérations routières
Machines électriques
Machinerythatprovidespowerforvariousagriculturalmachineryandagriculturalfacilities.Agriculturalpowermachinerymainlyincludesinternalcombustionenginesandtractorsequippedwithinternalcombustionengines, aswellaselectricmotors, Éoliennes, waterturbines, andvarioussmallgeneratorsets.Dieselengineshavetheadvantagesofhighthermalefficiency, goodfueleconomy, reliableoperationandgoodfiresafety, etc., andarethemostwidelyusedinagriculturalinternalcombustionenginesandtractors.Gasolineenginesarecharacterizedbylightweight, Goodlow-temperaturestartingperformanceandsmoothoperation.Theyaremostlyusedinsmallagriculturalmachinery, suchasricetransplanters, portableplantprotectionmachineryandteapickers.Accordingtotheregionalfuelsupplysituation, gasgeneratorsusingnaturalgas, pétrole-associatedgas, liquefiedpetroleumgasandproducergasasfuelcanalsobeusedinaccordancewithlocalconditions.Dieselandgasolineenginescanalsobemodifiedtousegasfuelssuchascoalgas, ortheycanbeconvertedtodual-fuelinternalcombustionenginesthatusecoalgasand sont enflammés par des diesels comme des machines agricoles.
Motorsaremostlyusedtodrivevariousagriculturalmachineryforfixedorindooroperations, suchasagriculturalproductprocessingmachineryandwaterpumps, aswellasvariousoperatingmachineryingreenhouses, entrepôts, andlivestockhouses.Inareaswithwaterorwindresources, theuseofwindturbinesandwaterturbinestodrivevariousfixedoperatingmachinerycansavepetroleumfuel, andwindturbinesequippedwithwaterliftingdevicescanprovidewaterforhumansandlivestockingrasslandpastoralareas.Asmallgeneratorsetconsistingofaninternalcombustionengine, windturbineorwaterturbineandageneratorisusedtoprovideelectricityforagriculturalproductionandrurallifeinremoteareas.Solarenergyandbiogasgeneratedfromruralwastematerialscanalsobeusedtoprovideelectricitythroughsolarpowergenerationdevices, biogasgeneratorsets, andbiogas-dieseldual-fuelgeneratorsets.
Machines de construction
Farmlandconstructionmachineryisusedtoleveltheland, buildterracesandterraces, excavateditches, laypipelines, andexcavatewaterwellsandotherconstructionmachineryforfarmlandconstruction.Amongthem, earthandstonemachinerysuchasbulldozers, niveleuses, des grattoirs, des pelles (seeexcavators), chargeuses (seesinglebucketloaders), androckdrillsarebasicallythesameassimilarmachineryusedinroadsandconstructionprojects, areusedinconjunctionwithagriculturaltractors buttheyarelargeMost (exceptrockdrills), whichareeasytohookuptoimprovetheutilizationrateofpower.Otherfarmlandconstructionmachinerymainlyincludestrencher, ratpathplough, shovelingandthrowingmachine, waterwelldrillingrig, etc.
Trancheuse partielle
Son groupe de travail est un corps de charrue d'excavation avec une partie coupante du sol de type soc, qui est tracté par un tracteur d'un seul coup.
Trancheuse rotative
Il peut être utilisé en association avec un tracteur de moyenne puissance. Le voyage achève l'opération de creusement.
chasse-souris
Lecônecylindriquedepartietravailenformedebouletdecanon,avecunecolonneetundispositifdetraction,etestentrainéparuntracteurdanslesterresagricoles.
Machine à creuser et à enfouir
Il peut terminer le creusement, l'enfouissement, le recouvrement du sol et le compactage en un seul voyage.
Machine à pelleter et à lancer
Le sol est pelleté par la pelle à creuser envoyée à la partie de lancement. Disque rotatif avec planche de lancement ou vers le haut
Appareils de forage de puits d'eau
Therearethreecategories: rotatifs, percussionandcomposite.Therotarytypeiswidelyused, anditconsistsoftwoparts: adrillingdeviceandacirculatingwellwashingdevice.Thedrillingdeviceincludesaturntable, adrillrod, adrillbitandadrivingdevice.Differentdrillbitscanbeselectedaccordingtodifferentrockformations.Thecirculatingwellflushingdeviceisusedtodischargethedrilledcuttingsoutofthewellwhiledrilling, anddifferenttypescanbeselectedaccordingtotheneeds.Thepercussiondrillingrigisusedtomakethedrillbitthatreciprocateupanddowntoimpactandbreaktherockformation.Itcanbeusedfordrillingoperationsinharderrockformationsandpebbleformations, butcuttingsremovalanddrillingcannotbecarriedoutatthesametime, sotheworkefficiencyislow.Generallyusedwithin250metersExcavationofAsai.Thecompounddrillingrigisequippedwithanimpactmechanismontherotarydrillingrig.Itismainlyusedforrotarydrilling.Whenitencountersapebblelayer, itispassedthroughbytheimpactdrilling, soithasstrongadaptability.
Machine à pelleter et à lancer
Enginsdeconstructiondesterresagricolespouvantcontinueràpousserdesterresàl'horizontale.Utilisépourlaconstructiondeterrasses,le creusement de fossés et d'autres opérations.
Thedisc-typeshovelandpolisherhastwotypes, avant-mountedandrear-monté, accordingtoitspositiononthetractor.Thefront-mountedshovelingandthrowingmachinecancleartheroadbyitself, andhasastrongadaptabilitytocomplexterrain.However, thestructureismorecomplex, andthethrownsoilflowaffectsthedriver'svisionandworsenstheworkingconditions.Itismostlyusedfortheconstructionofsteepslopeterracesandtheopeningofmountaintunnels.Therear-mountedshovelingandpolishingmachinehasasimplestructureandgoodworkingconditions, butithaspooradaptabilitytosteepslopesandcannotopentheroadbyitself.Itismostlyusedtobuildgentleslopeterraces.Itisgenerallycomposedofaframe, asoilshovel, anarc-shapedsoilcollectingplate, asoilthrowingdiscandatransmissiondevice.Duringoperation, theshovelbladeandthegroundformasoilcuttinganglelineof15 ° ～35°,etlaterre cettepelleetenvoyéesurleplateaucollecteurenarcsousledisquedeterre. bladesonthediscandthecentrifugalforceofthediscrotation, theearthonthecollectingplateisthrowninthetangentialdirection..Thebladeendlinearvelocityis8-14m / s, andthethrowingdistanceis5-15m.Therotationdirectionofthethrowingdisccanbechangedsothatthebackandforthstrokesarethrowninthesamedirection.Thiskindofmachinehasacompactstructureandlowcost, buttheimpactloadisrelativelylargewhenthrowingsoil.Thepowerconsumptionperunitofearthworkforshovelingandthrowingis0.1 ~ 0.2kWh / m.
Thebeltshovelandthrowerishungontherearofthetractorandconsistsofashovel, averticalliftingchain, ahorizontalthrowingbelt, Aframe, andatransmissiondevice.Thedrivingwheelsoftheliftchainandthesoildumpingtapearedrivenbythetractorpoweroutputshaft.Duringoperation, thesoilshoveledupbytheshovelissenttotherearlateralsoildumpingbeltviatheinclinedupwardchainplatetypelongitudinalliftingchain.Thesoildumpingbelttransportsthesoillaterallyatanadjustablelinearspeedof7-15m / s.Andthrowitatathrowangleof50 ° ononeside.Themaximumthrowingdistanceis10to18meters.Thiskindofmachinehasstrongadaptabilitytovarioussoils, theimpactloadofthethrowingpartsissmall, thethrowingsoilisconcentrated, andthecomprehensiveutilizationperformanceisgood; afterpartialmodification, itcanalsobeusedasapotatoharvesterandafieldraisingmachine.
Machines de travail du sol
Les machines de base du travail du sol sont utilisées pour le labour, l'ameublissement ou le sous-affaissement et le broyage du sol, y compris les charrues à bouleau, les charrues à disques, les charrues à ciseaux et les motoculteurs.
Laboureur
Themostcommonlyusedmachinetoolforsoilcultivation.Itsmainworkingpartisaploughbodycomposedofploughsharesandploughwalls.Theworkingsurfaceoftheploughshareandploughwallisacontinuousandsmoothploughbodysurface.Itsshapeandparametersareselectedaccordingtodifferentsoilandtillagerequirements, andarerelatedtothetravelingspeedoftheunit.Differentploughsurfaceshavedifferentfunctionssuchasturningsoil, looseningsoil, crushingsoilandcoveringweedstubble.Theamplitudemodulationplowthatappearedintheearly1980swasamajorbreakthroughinthetraditionalstructureofthesplitplow.Theamplitudemodulationdegreeoftheamplitudemodulationplowischangedbychangingtheanglebetweenthemainbeamandthemachineforwarddirectiontoadapttothedifferentresistancesofplowingundervarioussoilconditions.Thetwo-wayplowisaspecialformofthesplitplow, withtwosetsofleftandrightplowbodies (ordinarysplitplowsusetherightplowbody), orasetofplowbodiesthatcanbechangedinthedirectionoftheplow.Maketheplowturnthesoiltothesamesideduringthebackandforthstrokeofplowing, etL Ce type de charrue est souvent utilisé pour les travaux de labour sur les pentes, les champs irrigués, les petites parcelles et les parcelles de forme irrégulière.
Discplough
Theworkingpartofthediscploughisaconcavediscwithaninclinationangleofabout20 ° totheverticalandanangleof40 ° ~ 50 ° totheforwarddirection..Duringoperation, thediscrotatesandadvancesundertheactionofthesoilreactionforce, andthesoilcutbytheedgeofthediscrisesalongtheconcavesurfaceandflipsdown.Thediscplowcanchopupdryandhardsoilblocksandcutoffgrassrootsandsmalltreeroots.Itissuitableforplowingoperationsinrocky, herbe, moistandheavysoilsandhigh-yieldgreenmanurefieldsafterreturningthestrawtothefield.However, undergeneralsoilconditions, itsplowing, crushingandmulchingperformanceisnotasgoodasthatofasplitplow.
Charrue à ciseaux
Ses parties de travail sont composées de 1 à 3 rangées de pelle d'assouplissement en forme de burin avec des colonnes de pelle rigides, qui peuvent détacher le sol sans retourner la couche de sol lors du labourage du sol.
Fraise rotative
Theworkingpartoftherotarytillerisasetofcuttingbladesuniformlyarrangedonahorizontalaxisaccordingtothemulti-threadedthread, whichisdrivenbythetractor'spoweroutputshaft.Drivenbythedevice, itrotatestocutandcrushthesoil, andtheseedbedpreparationrequirementscanbemetinoneoperation.Itismainlyusedforthecultivationofpaddyfields, vegetablefieldsandorchards.Topsoilfarmingmachinery "Topsoilfarmingmachineryincludesdischarrows, clous toothharrows, rouleaux, fieldcultivators, etc.
Décharrow
Il est composé de disques concaves disposés en groupes. Le plan de coupe des disques perpendiculaires au sol et présente un angle avec la direction avant (état de travail).
Spike herse
Le nombre de rangées de pointes de travail qui sont disposées à égale distance sur le cadre du râteau, qui peuvent être utilisés pour ameublir le sol après les terres cultivées et briser la surface après la pluie.
Paddyfieldharrow
Elleestcomposéedepiècesdetravailtelsqu'ungroupededouches,d'ungroupededouches à encoches,d'ungroupe de herses en étoile et de laminage.
Suppresseur
Utiliséepourlesopérationsdeconcassageetdecompactagedessolsdesurfaceaprèsraclageouensemencement.Lapartietravaillecommerouede suppression.Larouedeconcassageauneformecylindrique,une forme en anneau, en V, etc., qui est en boucle sur l'axe pendant l'opération.
Cultivateur
Ilestutilisépourledésherbage,ledésherbage,lecurageetlecultivationdusolpendantlacroissancedes cultures.
Machines combinées
Les machines agricoles combinées peuvent compléter le travail du sol de base et le travail du sol de la terre végétale --- les terres arables et les terres de hersage en un temps.
Vergermachines
Les charrues et les motoculteurs sont souvent équipés de dispositifs qui permettent d'éviter automatiquement le tronc et de remettre à zéro leurs organes de travail.
Machines de plantation
Les machines à planter peuvent être divisées en trois catégories : les jardinières, les jardinières et les planteuses de semis selon les objets et le processus de plantation.
Planteur
Theobjectplantedbytheplanteriscropseedsorcoatedseedsmadeintopellets.Itcanbedividedintothreetypesaccordingtotheseedingmethod: épandeur, drillandholeseeder.Varioustypesofprecisionplantersdevelopedinthe1950scanpreciselycontroltheamountofseeding, thedistancebetweenholes (plantes) andthedepthofseeding.Thepneumaticseedingprecisionplanterdevelopedinthe1970s, itsseedmeteringdevice (airsuction, airpressureorairblowing) usespositiveornegativeairflowtodischargearowofseedsatacertainintervaltoachievesingleprecisionholeseeding, andComparedwiththetraditionalmechanicalseedmeteringdevice, ithasthecharacteristicsofaccuratesowingrateandnodamagetotheseeds.Thereisalsoamechanicalprecisionseedmeteringdevice.Itisasuspended6-rowcultivatingcropplanterwithfertilizingdevice, whichcanbeusedfordrillandholeseedingofcultivatingcropssuchassoybeans, cornandsorghum.
Machine à planter
Lesobjetsplantésparlamachinedeplantationsontlesmorceauxdeculturestels que les pommes de terre, les patates douces et les oignons,etcessegmentsdegrainedecanne à sucre.
Machine à semis
Theplantingobjectsofseedlingtransplanterarerice, coton, tabac, légumes, arbres fruitiers, flowersandothercrops, andseedlingswithnutrientbowlsorsoil.Plantingmachinesaredividedintothreetypes: semi-mécanisée, mechanizedandautomated.Semi-mechanizedseedlingtransplanterisamachinethatcompletestheprocessesoftrenching, soilcoveringandsuppression, whileseedlingpickingandseedlingplantingarecompletedbytheseedlingplantersittingonthemachine.Theplantingactionofthemechanizedseedlingplantingmachineisalsocompletedbythemachine, buttheseedlingsarestilltakenbytheplantinghandandplacedintheseedlingplantingmechanism.Theautomaticseedlingtransplanteronlymanuallyinstallstheseedlingsintrays (usuallyseedlingswithnutrientbowls) ontheseedlingtrayrackofthemachine, andthemachineautomaticallycompletesalltheplantingprocesseswhileitismoving.
Les machines de fertilisation sont utilisées pour appliquer divers engrais chimiques (engrais granulaire, engrais liquide), fumier d'étable, fumier et compost dans le champ.
Machines de protection
Plantprotectionmachineryisamachineryusedtoprotectcropsandagriculturalproductsfromdiseases, les insectes, les oiseaux, animalsandweeds, usuallyreferstotheuseofchemicalmethodstocontrolplantsAllkindsofmachineryforsprayingpesticidesfordiseasesandinsectpestsalsoincludemachineryandequipmentusedforweedingbychemicalorphysicalmethods, controllingdiseasesandinsectpestsbyphysicalmethods, anddrivingawaybirdsandbeasts.Plantprotectionmachinerymainlyincludesspraying, dustingandsmokingmachines.
Équipement de pulvérisation
Itisusedtospraytheaqueoussolutionofliquidorpowderedmedicamentonthepreventionandcontroltargetintheformofdroplets, mainlydividedinto3types: pulvérisateur, mistsprayerandultra-lowvolumesprayer.Commonlyusedaremanualsprayers, stretcher-typemotorizedsprayers, sac à dos-typemotorizedmistsprayers, boomsprayersmatchedwithtractors, orchardairblowermistsprayers, andhand-heldmotorultra-bas volumesprayers.Thesprayerorsprayerusesaliquidpumporanairpumptopressurizetheliquidmedicine, andatomizetheliquidmedicineintomistdropletswithadiameterof150-400micronsthroughasprayrod, nozzleorspraygun.Themistdispersingmachineusesthehigh-speedairflowgeneratedbythefantofurthercrushtheliquidmedicinepressurizedbytheliquidpumpintomist-likedropletswithadiameterof50-150micronstoobtainbetteradhesionperformanceandsprayuniformity..Theultra -les pulvérisateurs à faible volume utilisent un liquide chimique à haute concentration sans eau ou seulement une petite quantité d'eau. eparticleswithadiameterof70-90microns.Thedropletsdriftwiththewindandevenlysettleonthepreventionandcontroltarget, whichhasthecharacteristicsoflowdosageofmedicamentandgoodpreventionandcontroleffect.Theatomizationdisccanbedrivenbyzinc-airbatteryordrybattery (handheldelectrictype), andwheninstalledonanagriculturalaircraft, itcanbedrivenbyaspecialwindwheelrotatingathighspeedduringflight.Onordinarypowersprayers, thespraynozzlecanalsobereplacedwithanultra-bas volumespraynozzlewithanatomizingdiskforultra-bas volumespray.
Machine de pulvérisation de poudre
Utilisez le flux d'air du ventilateur pour souffler le médicament en poudre vers la cible de prévention et de contrôle à travers la buse et la tête de pulvérisation de poudre.
Vaporisateur de fumée
L'utilisationdudébitd'airhautetempératuregénéréelorsdelacombustiondecombustiblesliquidesoudesgazd'échappementdemoteuràcombustioninternepourvolatiliseretcraquelerthermiquementlespesticidesd'huiledanslesparticulesd'undiamètreinférieurà50microns.
Pulvérisateur
Installelectrostaticspraynozzlesonsprayersorpowdersprayers, andusehundredstothousandsofvoltshigh-voltagedirectcurrentpowersupplytothespraynozzlestomaketheliquidorpowderparticlesCharged, andthecontroltargetisinducedbystaticelectricitytoinducechargesofoppositepolarity, sothattheliquidmedicineorpowderparticlesrushtowardthecontroltargetundertheactionoftheelectrostaticfield.Theuseofstaticelectricitycansignificantlyincreasethehitrate, reducechemicallossandenvironmentalpollution, andspraythechemicalonthebackofthetargettoenhancethecontroleffect.
Machines phytosanitaires polyvalentes
Il peut être pulvérisé, en poudre, en brouillard, en ultra-faible volume et en poudre pulvérisée avec différentes pièces sur la même machine Machines pour diverses opérations.
Machines de drainage et d'irrigation
Les machines de drainage et d'irrigation des terres agricoles sont utilisées pour l'irrigation et le drainage des terres agricoles, des vergers et des pâturages, y compris les pompes à eau, les pompes à turbine à eau, les équipements d'irrigation par aspersion et les équipements d'irrigation goutte à goutte.
Pompe à eau
Drivenbyelectricmotors, internalcombustionenginesorwindturbines, therearecentrifugalpumps, axialflowpumps, mixedflowpumps, pistonpumps, diaphragmpumps, deepwellpumpsandsubmersibleelectricpumps.Kindoftype.Multi-stagecentrifugalpumpsareoftenusedforhigh-liftpumpingirrigationinhillyandmountainousareas.Large-scaledrainageandirrigationinplainareasmostlyuselarge-scaleaxialflowpumpswithlargeflowandsmalllift.Large-scalemixed-flowpumpsshouldbeusedforlarge-areairrigationwithlargerheads.Longshaftdeepwellpumpsanddeepwellsubmersibleelectricpumpsareusedtoliftwaterfromdeepwells.Pistonpumpsanddiaphragmpumps (seereciprocatingpumps) haverelativelysmallflowrates, andaregenerallystillusedtoprovidewaterforlivestockandpoultryinagriculture.
Équipement d'irrigation par aspersion
Thesprinklerirrigationequipmentusesapumptopressurizethewater (orusethedropofthehigh-levelwatersource) tosprayitintotheairthroughthepipesandnozzles, anddispersethemintouniformfinedroplets, formingrainSettledonthegroundandcrops.Comparedwithirrigationthroughditchesandgroundpipes, theuseofsprinklerirrigationequipmentcanmakeirrigationwatereven, lesswaterloss, andeasytoachieveautomationofirrigationmanagement.Thiskindofequipmentisespeciallysuitableforgentleslopes, undulatingterrainandareaswithfewwatersources.Therearemanytypesofsprinklerirrigationequipment, amongwhichthecircularsprinklerirrigationmachineorthecentralpivotsprinklerirrigationequipmenthasahigherdegreeofautomation.Thebranchpipesaremountedonarowofbracketswithwalkingwheels, andeachbracketisdrivenbyamotororotherpower.Itmovesinacircularmotionaroundthecentralpivotatoneendofthebranchpipe, andthepressurewaterissprayedfromthecenteralongthebranchpipethrougheachnozzle.Somebranchpipesaremorethan500metersinlength, andcancontrolanirrigationareaof morethan 1.500mu.Ledélaipourtournerlesdérivationsensemainevariedequelquesheuresàquelquesjours,quipeutêtreautomatiquementréguléselonlademandeeneaudanslechamp.
équipement d'irrigation goutte à goutte
Cet équipement permet à l'eau à basse pression de traverser des canalisations souterraines ou souterraines, et de s'égoutter en continu et d'une petite quantité d'eau du goutteur installé sur la canalisation vers les parties nécessitant de l'eau de la culture.
Machines de récolte
Les machines de récolte des cultures comprennent diverses machines utilisées pour collecter diverses récoltes ou produits agricoles. Différentes récoltes ont différentes méthodes de récolte et différentes machines.
Moissonneuse-batteuse
Itiscomposedofaharvestingtable,aconveyingdevice,athreshingdevice,aseparatingdevice,acleaningdevice,agraintankandatransmissiondevice.Accordingtothefeedingmethodofthecrop,therearetwotypes:fullfeedingandhalffeeding.EuropeanandAmericancountriesallusefull-feedgraincombineharvesters,whicharemainlyusedtoharvestwheatandotherwheatcrops,andcanalsobeusedtoharvestcorn,beans,rice,sunflowers,etc.afterpartialmodificationandadjustment.Duringoperation,thereciprocatingcutteratthefrontendoftheharvestingtable,withthecooperationofthereel,cutsdownthestrawwithearsontheharvestingtable,andsendsittothethreshingdevicethroughtheharvestingtableconveyingdeviceandtheintermediateconveyingdevice,andthenpassesthroughthethreshingdrumandThegapbetweentheconcaveplatesisthreshedbyrubbingandstriking.Mostofthegrainspassthroughthesieveholesoftheconcaveplateandenterthecleaningdevice.Asmallamountofgrainsentrainedontheconcaveplatearethrowntotheseparationdevice.Thegrainsareseparatedundertheupanddownandbackandforthshakingofthechainseparator.Aftergoingoutintothecleaningdevice,largedebrissuchasstemsanddraftsaretransportedbackwardsandthrownoutofthemachine.Thegrainsenteringthecleaningdeviceareremovedfromthefineimpuritiesbyfansandsieves,andthecleangrainsaresenttothegrainbin.Afterthegrainboxisfull,startthegrainunloadingconveyortounloadthegrainsintothegraintruck.Inthemiddleandlate1970s,varioustypesofaxialdrumfull-feedgraincombineharvestersappearedinNorthAmerica,whichcombinedthethreshingdeviceandtheseparationdeviceintoone,therebyeliminatingthehugechainseparationdeviceandshorteningthelengthofthewholemachine.InsouthernChinaandJapan,asemi-feedinggraincombineharvesterthatmainlyharvestsricehasbeendeveloped.Duringoperation,onlytheearheadpartofthecutricestrawentersthethreshingdeviceduringtheclampingandconveyingprocess,andthestrawafterthreshingisrelativelycomplete,whichisconvenientforcomprehensiveutilization.Theamountofbrokenstrawmixedinthegrainissmall,andaseparateseparationdeviceisgenerallynotrequired.Therefore,comparedwiththefull-feedtype,thestructureissimpleandthepowerconsumptionissmall.
Cottonpicker
Itusesarotatingtoothpickingspindletograbtheseedfiberintheopencottonbollandfeeditintothecottonbyairflow.box.Therearetwomaintypesofcottonpickers:horizontalspindlepickingmachinesareusedintheUnitedStates,whichhaveahighpickingrate,butthestructureiscomplex,themanufacturingaccuracyrequirementsandthecostarehigh;intheSovietUnion,mostoftheverticalspindlepickingmachinesareused.Thestructureissimplerandthecostislower,butthepickingrateislower,therearemorecottonontheground,andthedamagetothecottonplantisgreater.Machine-pickedseedcottonhasahighimpuritycontent,anditsqualitylevelissignificantlylowerthanthatofhand-pickedseedcotton.Machine-pickedseedcottonneedstobeequippedwithacompletesetofcottoncleaningequipment,andthepickedcottoncanbeusedastextilerawmaterialafterrepeatedcleaningbeforeandafterginning.
Processingmachinery
Agriculturalproductprocessingmachineryincludesthepreliminaryprocessingofharvestedagriculturalproductsorcollectedpoultryandlivestockproducts,aswellassomemachineryandequipmentthatuseagriculturalproductsasrawmaterialsforadvancedprocessing.Theprocessedproductsareeasytostore,transportandsellfordirectconsumptionorasindustrialrawmaterials.Differentagriculturalproductshavedifferentprocessingrequirementsandprocessingcharacteristics,andthesameagriculturalproductcangetdifferentfinishedproductsthroughdifferentprocessingprocesses.Therefore,therearemanyvarietiesofagriculturalproductsprocessingmachinery.Themostusedaregraindryingequipment,grainprocessingmachinery,oilprocessingmachinery,cottonprocessingmachinery,hemppeelingmachinery,teaprimaryandrefiningmachinery,fruitprocessingmachinery,anddairyprocessingmachinery.,Seedprocessingequipmentandstarch-makingequipment,etc.Inordertorealizethecontinuousoperationandoperationautomationbetweenthevariousprocedures,multipleprocessingmachinesinthefrontandrearproceduresareoftencombinedintoaprocessingunit,aprocessingroomoracomprehensiveprocessingplant.
Grainprocessing
Accordingtotheprocessflow,itisdividedintotwocategories:thefirsttypeisusedtodehullandpeelrawgrainssuchasrice,sorghum,milletandmillet,andmillthemintofinishedrice.Forexample,therawricegrainisfirstremovedbyvariousimpuritycleaningequipment,andthenentersthehullingmachineandseparatesthericehusks.Thedischargedgrainbrownmixtureentersthegrainbrownseparatingsieve.Theseparatingscreenusesthedifferenceinparticlesize,densityandsurfacecharacteristicsofriceandbrownricetoseparatetheunhuskedriceandsenditbacktothehullingmachine.Thebrownriceismilledintowhitericeinaricemill,andthenthebranandbrokenriceareremovedthroughthefinishedproductgradingsievetoobtainthefinishedwhiterice.Theotherisusedtoremovethecortexandgermofrawgrainssuchaswheat,corn,barley,buckwheatandnakedoats,andgrindthemintofinishedflour.Forexample,rawwheatgrainsareremovedbyvariousimpuritycleaningequipmenttoremovevariousimpurities,soilanddustadheringtothesurfaceofthewheatgrains,andthenenterthemilltogrindintopowder,andthenpassthroughasetofflatscreenstoextractthefinishedflour.Theintermediatematerialentersanothermilltogrind,sothattheflourisrepeatedlyextracted,andfinallythebranisdischargedbythebranbrushingmachine.
Oilprocessing
Theoilproductionprocessismainlydividedintopressingmethodandleachingmethod.Differentoil-makingprocessesusedifferentmechanicalequipment,buttheoil-makingrawmaterialsarefirstcleanedbyoilcleaningmachinerytoremoveimpurities,andvarioustypesofoilshellingmachinesareusedtopeelofftheshellandseparatetheshellsandkernels,andthenpresstheembryosintoembryos.material.Whenusingtheleachingmethod,theembryoisimmersedinasolvent(hexaneorlightgasoline)toextracttheoil,andtheoilisseparatedfromthesolventthroughequipmentsuchasfiltration,evaporationandsteamstripping.Thesolventcanbeusedrepeatedlyafterrecovery;whenusingthesqueezingmethod,Aftertheembryosarefriedinasteamingandfryingpan,theyaresenttoascrewoilpressorahydraulicoilpresstosqueezeouttheoil.Theleachedorsqueezedcrudeoilisthenfilteredbyvariousrefiningequipment,hydration,alkalirefining,acidrefining,decolorizationanddeodorization,etc.,toberefinedintoessentialoilorfinishedoil.
AnimalHusbandryMachinery
Animalhusbandrymachineryisavarietyofmachineryandequipmentusedintheproductionprocessofgrazing,poultrybreedingandlivestockbreeding.
Grasslandmaintenanceandimprovementmachinery
Includingbaitspreadersusedtokillgrasslandrodents,andsoillooseningplantersusedtoimprovegrasslandtoincreaseforageyieldAndgrasslandsprinklerirrigationequipment,etc.
Pasturemanagementequipment
Includingelectricanimalhusbandryfenceanditserectionmachinery,mobileepidemicpreventionvehicleandmedicineshowerequipment,etc.①Electricgrazingfence:thehigh-voltagepulsecurrentgeneratedbytheelectricpulsegeneratorispassedintotheelectricfence,sothatthelivestockwillreceiveanon-lethalelectricshockwhentheytouchtheelectricfence,sothattheycanmoveintheelectricfenceenclosedbytheelectricfence.Feed.Theinstallationofsolarorwindpowergeneratorscanprovideconvenientandcheappowersupplyfortheelectricanimalhusbandryfence.②Mobileepidemicpreventionvehicle:Aspecialvehiclewithgoodoff-roadperformance.Thevehicleisequippedwithepidemicpreventionandveterinarytesting,disinfection,treatmentequipmentandinternalcombustiongeneratorsets.Itcancarryseveralepidemicpreventionorveterinarypersonneltotheepidemicareaintime.③Medicinalshowerequipment:mainlyusedtopreventandcurescabiesandsurfaceparasitesingrazingsheep.
Forageandgreenfodderharvestingmachinery
Themachinerythatcollectsforageinthefieldandformsloosegrass,bales,haystacksandgrassblocks,etc.,mainlyincludingcuttingGrassormowermodulators,hayrake,pickingandbaler,haycollectingandstackingmachinery,foragehandlingmachineryandgreenfodderharvester,etc.Therearetwotypesoflawnmowers,reciprocatingandrotary.Comparedwiththetraditionalreciprocatingtype,therotarylawnmowerdevelopedinthe1970shastheadvantagesofhighcuttingandforwardspeed,stablework,andstrongadaptabilitytopasture.Itissuitableforhigh-yieldpastures,butthecuttingisnotneatenoughandmoreheavycutting,Theenergyconsumptionislarge.Addingapressingrollertothemowerbecomesamowermodulator,whichcansqueezethecutfreshforagestalkstospeedupthedryingprocess.Therearetwotypesofhayrake,horizontalandlateral,whichareusedforrakingtheforagegrassthathasbeencutdownandspreadonthegroundintodifferentformsofgrassstrips.Thepick-upbalerisusedtopickupstripsofhayfromthegroundandcompressthemintocompactbaleswithrectangularorcircularcross-sectionsforeasytransportationandstorage.Therearetwotypesofgreenfodderharvesters,theflailtypeandtheuniversaltype.Theformerusesahigh-speedrotatingshreddertochopoff,shred,andthrowthegreenforagecropsintoatrailer,whichismainlyusedtoharvestlow-risegreenforagecrops.Thelatterisequippedwiththreekindsofattachments:full-widthcuttingheader,oppositerowheaderandpickingdevice,soitcanharvestallkindsofgreenforagecrops.
Feedprocessingmachinery
Mainlyinclude:feedgrinders,weedersandgreenfeedshreddersforprocessingvariouscoarseandconcentratedfeeds;compoundingandmixingFeedmixersforfeed;feedpelletizersformakingpowderedfeedintopellets;stalkmodifiersforprocessingstrawfeed;washingmachines,slicers,andshreddersusedtoprocessjuicyfeedssuchaspotatoes,melonsandvegetablesMachine,beater,vegetablepureemachineandfeedpelletcooker,etc.
Feedingmanagementmachinery
Mainlyinclude:environmentalcontrolequipmentsuchasventilation,temperaturecontrolandlightingoflivestockhouses;livestockfeedinganddrinkingwaterEquipment;poultryandlivestockepidemicpreventionequipment;manureremovalandfecaltreatmentequipment,aswellaspoultryeggcollectionandmilkingequipment,etc.Themodernlayerhouseincludesacompletesetofmechanizedandautomatedequipmentfromhatchingandbroodingtoeggpacking.Undertheconditionofisolationfromtheoutsideworld,theenvironmentinthehousecanbeautomaticallycontrolledasrequired.Accordingtotheneedsofdifferentchickenagesandlayinghens,full-pricecompoundfeedisfedquantitatively,andautomaticdrinkingfountainsandregularmanureremovalequipmentareinstalled.Eggsareautomaticallycollectedbytheeggcollectionsystem,cleaned,graded,andpackedinboxesforshipment.
Manufacturingrequirements
Agriculturaltechnicalrequirements
Agriculturalmachineryusedforacertainoperationmustfirstmeettheagriculturaltechnicalrequirementsoftheoperation,Andhavethepossibilityofadjustmentwithinacertainrange,oradoptamodifiedmethodtoadapttodifferentagriculturaltechnicalrequirements.
Operationanduserequirements
Theuseofagriculturalmachineryisscattered,theenvironmentalconditionsarepoorandcomplexandchangeable,andtheseasonalityofagriculturaloperationsisstrong,soitisTherequirementsofthemachineryare:installation,adjustment,maintenance,couplingwiththetractor,liftingandfallingofworkingparts,replacementofwearingpartsandgeneraltroubleshooting,etc.aresimpleandeasy,andvarioussafetyprotectionmeasuresaretakentoensurethenormaloperationofthemachine.Safetyofoperationandoperatingpersonnel.Forexample,installautomaticobstaclecrossingdevicesandprotectivecoversorbafflesforvariousexposedmovingpartsonsoiltillagemachines,aswellasfacilitiesforcoldprotection,heatinsulation,dustprevention,soundinsulation,andvibrationreduction.
Universalandcomprehensiveutilization
Inordertoincreasetheutilizationrateofagriculturalmachineryandreduceoperatingcosts,underthepremiseofensuringtherequirementsofagriculturaltechnology,agriculturalmachineryshouldIthasawiderangeofversatilityandahighdegreeofcomprehensiveutilization.Forexample,auniversalrackcanbereplacedwithvariouscomponentssuchasseeding,fieldtillage,ditching,soilcultivation,fertilization,plantprotection,andpotatodigging,sothatitcanbeusedfordifferentoperationsindifferentseasons.Agraincombineharvestercanbeusedtoharvestrice,wheat,beans,corn,sorghum,sunflowerandothercropsbyreplacingandadjustingafewparts.
Serializedmachinery
Thestandardization,generalizationandserializationofagriculturalmachineryanditspartsaretoensureproductquality,reduceproductioncosts,andfacilitatesupplyImportantmeasuresforaccessoriesandmaintenance.InChina,nationalstandardsandministerialstandardsconcerningthetypes,basicparameters,technicalconditions,testmethods,anddimensionsofmainpartsofvariousagriculturalmachineryhavebeenformulatedandimplemented.Theyhavealsoformulatedsub-typeploughs,rotarytillers,Discharrows,paddyfieldrakes,planters,ricetransplanters,submersibleelectricpumps,sprinklerirrigationpumps,rockersprinklersandfeedgrindersandotherproductseries,someofwhichhaveauniversaldegreeof80-85%.
Othertechnicalandeconomicindicators
Includingtheproductivity,servicelife,priceandoperatingcostofagriculturalmachinery,aswellastheconsumptionoflabor,energyandsteel,etc.,usuallyItismeasuredbythemachineweightperunitwidthorunithourproductivity,metalconsumption,machineprice,andrequiredpower,oritcanbemeasuredbythecost,labor,andenergyconsumptionperunitofwork.Whendeterminingtheeconomiceffectsandthepossibilityofpopularizationofnewagriculturalmachineryproductsorvarieties,theseindicatorscanbecomparedwiththeoriginalproductsormanualoperations.
Manufacturingmaterials
Mostagriculturalmachineryworksintheopen,dusty,humidanddirtyenvironmentorinwater,andcomesincontactwithsoil,fertilizers,pesticides,feces,decayingplantsandwater,etc.,Subjecttothecorrosiveeffectsofthesematerialsandtheenvironment.Duringoperation,somepartsrubbedagainstsoil,croprhizomesandlivestockfurandothermaterialsandwereseverelyworn,andsomepartsweresubjectedtorelativelylargedynamicloadsandimpacts.Therefore,inthemanufactureofagriculturalmachinery,metalandnon-metalmaterialswithcorrosionresistance,wearresistance,frictionreduction,impactresistanceandfatigueresistanceareoftenused,andthecostislow,andtherawmaterialsarebasedontheresourcesofthecountry,andvarioustreatmentsareused.Processtoimproveandenhancetheperformanceofthesematerials.
Steelpipesandcold-formedsteel
Framesforplantersandfieldcultivatorswithsmallloads,usuallysquareorrectangularsectionlowcarbonsteelweldedsteelpipes,Theframeoftheheavy-dutysplitplough,chiselplough,discploughanddischarrow,etc.,useslow-alloymanganesesteelpipes.Theuseofcold-bentchannelsteelorcrimpedchannelsteelmadeofthinsteelplatetomanufactureplantersandfieldcultivatorscansignificantlyreducetheweightcomparedtotheuseofhot-rolledsteelframes.High-precisioncold-drawnthin-walledseamlesssteelpipesaresuitableformanufacturinghydrauliccylindersforagriculturalmachineryhydraulicsystems.
Alloysteelandlow-alloysteel
Madeofalloysteelsuchasmanganesesteel,silico-manganesesteel,nickel-chromiumsteel,chromium-molybdenumsteelandchromium-manganesesteelTheploughshares,discharrowblades,fieldcultivatorbackhoesandbladesofharvestersandshearingmachineshavegoodwearresistance.Deep-wellpumpshaftsandsprayerpartsmadeoflow-alloysteelcontainingchromium,nickel,copper,titaniumandrareearthelementshavehighcorrosionresistance.Bimetalliccompositesteelwithwear-resistantsteelorcorrosion-resistantsteelasthesurfacematerialorcoatinglayerisalsoanimportantmaterialforthemanufactureofagriculturalmachinery.
Cementedcarbide
Alayerofcementedcarbideisdepositedonthesurfaceofploughshares,fieldcultivatorshovelandharvesterblades,whichcanbedoubledImprovetheservicelifeoftheseparts.
Specialcastiron
Plowsideplatesmadeofnodulargraphitemanganesecastiron,feedpelletsmadeofbainiteplusboronnodularcastironafteraustemperingMachinedie,feedmillhammermadeoftoughwhitecastiron,ploughshareandrotarytillerscimitarmadeofpearliticmalleablecastiron,andpumpimpellermadeofboroncastiron,etc.,inordertoensurethenecessarystrengthandtoughness.Bottom,bothhavehighwearresistance.
Powdermetallurgymaterials
Usepowdermetallurgymaterialstomanufactureagriculturalmachinerygearsandothercomplex-shapedparts,whichcanreplacesomesteelorironcastings.Oil-bearingbearingsmadeofpowdermetallurgyporousmaterialshavebetteranti-frictioneffectsandself-lubricatingproperties.
Engineeringplastics
Engineeringplasticshavethecharacteristicsoflightweight,corrosionresistance,wearresistanceandfrictionreduction,andarewidelyusedinthemanufactureofplantprotectionmachinery,livestockBreedingequipment,farmlanddrainageandirrigationmachineryandotheragriculturalmachineryparts,suchasmedicinetanks,liquidpumps,sprayandpowderspraynozzles,drainageandirrigationpipes,sprayirrigationnozzles,bearingsforwaterturbinepumpsandsubmersibleelectricpumps,milkstoragetanksandConveyingpipelines,feedandwatersupplypipelines,drinkingfountainsforpoultryandlivestock,andseedingtroughsofplanters,etc.Commonlyusedplasticsincludepolyethylene,polypropylene,polyesterorepoxyglassfiberreinforcedplastics,polyvinylchloride,nylon,polyoxymethylene,phenolicplastics,andpolystyrene.Inaddition,usinglow-pressurepolyethylenetomakeplasticploughwallsorcoveringtheworkingsurfaceofploughwallswithpolytetrafluoroethyleneplasticcanreducefrictionalresistance.
Rubber
Ithasthecharacteristicsofwearresistance,corrosionresistanceandgoodelasticity.Inagriculturalmachinery,rubberisusedinadditiontovarioustransmissionbelts.Tomakerubbercrawlersofharvestingmachinery,fertilizingstarwheelsoffertilizationdevices,seedlingclawsofseedlingplanters,feedingrollersofsugarcaneplanters,rubberrollersofhullingmachines,irrigationhosesandvariousseals,etc.
Developmenttrend
Thedevelopmentofagriculturalmachineryisdirectlyrelatedtotheeconomicconditionsofthecountryandthecountryside.Ineconomicallydevelopedcountries,especiallyintheUnitedStateswheretherearefewagriculturallabors,agriculturalmachinerycontinuestodevelopinthedirectionoflarge-scale,wide-width,high-speedandhigh-productivity,andgraduallytransitiontotheautomationoftheproductionprocessonthebasisofmechanization.Variousadvancedscienceandtechnology,suchaselectronictechnologyandmicro-electroniccomputertechnology,areincreasinglywidelyusedinagriculturalmachineryproductsandtheirdesignandmanufacturing.Intheanimalhusbandryindustry,especiallythechickenindustryhasenteredthestageoffactorycontinuousproduction,theairtightchickenhousethatautomaticallycontrolsthemicroclimateisanewdevelopmentinanimalhusbandrymachinery.
Infieldmachinery,automaticcontroldevicesthatcombinehydraulicandelectricalcontrol,ordirectlyuseelectricalorelectromagneticcontrol,havebeguntobeapplied,suchastheliftingcontroloftheharvestingtableonthegraincombineandthereelcontrolContinuouslyvariablespeedandsoon.Thereareincreasingvarietiesofelectronicmonitoringinstruments,suchasseedinguniformitymonitorsonplanters,grainlossmonitorsanddrumspeedmonitorsongraincombineharvesters,andsprayrangeandsprayvolumemonitorsonsprayers.Electronictechnologyisincreasinglyusedinmechanicalequipmentsuchasautomaticgradingofvegetablesandfruitsandautomaticmanagementoffieldirrigation.
Chinastillfocusesonthedevelopmentofsmallandmedium-sizedagriculturalmachinery.Thekeydevelopmentprojectsareagriculturalmachineryvarietiesthathavehigheconomicbenefits,canimprovetheabilitytoresistnaturaldisasters,ensurestableandhighoutput,andincreaseproductionandincome,suchasirrigationanddrainage,plantprotection,andfertilizationmachinery.Thetypesofmachineryusedfordiversifiedoperationsinruralareaswillbegreatlydeveloped,suchasvariousagriculturalandsidelineproductsprocessingmachineryandlivestockbreedingmachinery,aswellasbeekeeping,silkwormbreeding,pondfishbreedingandediblefunguscultivationmachineryandequipment.
Theenergy-savingofagriculturalmachineryandthedevelopmentofavarietyofagriculturalenergysourceshavereceivedincreasingattention.Thedevelopmenttrendis:①Startingfromimprovingthecombustionprocess,recyclingexhaustgasandcoolingwaterheat,etc.,reducetheinternalcombustionengineFuelconsumption.②Internalcombustionenginesthatusevegetableoil,alcoholandbiogastoobtainfuelfromagriculturalandsidelineproductsorruralwastes,anddual-fuelinternalcombustionenginesthatcanchangethefuelused.③Usingsolarenergy,geothermalheatandwasteheatfromthermalpowerstationstodrygrainsandotheragriculturalproducts,orusetheminheatingsystemsforgreenhousesandlivestockhouses.④Usingwindpowerandwaterlifting,etc.