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Mental disorder



Basicinformation

Cause

Thereisamoregeneraldefinitionof"mentaldisorder",whichreferstotheinabilitytosocializeActinawaythatisconsideredappropriate,sothattheconsequencesoftheirbehaviorarenotsuitableforthemselvesorthesociety.This"inability"maybetheresultoforganicdamageorfunctionaldamage,orboth.Itcanbesummarizedas:①Psychologicaldysfunctionreferstotheimpairmentofcognitiveemotionorbehavioralfunction;②personalpainthediseasecausespainfortheindividual;③atypicalOrwhatisnotexpectedbycultureisnotatypicalcharacteristicofculturalbehaviorintheregion.

Clinicalmanifestations

Humanmentalactivitiesareorganic,coordinatedandunified.Fromacceptingexternalstimulitoresponding,itisaseriesofinterrelatedandinseparableactivities.Mentalactivitiesincludefeelings,perception,memory,thinking,emotions,attention,will,intelligence,personality,consciousness,etc.Changesinanyoneofthemcanbemanifestedasmentalactivitydisorders,thatis,variousaspectsofmentalactivityarenotcoordinatedwitheachotherormentalactivityInconsistencywiththeenvironmentcanbemanifestedasmentalabnormalities.

Themostcommonmentalactivitydisordersareanxiety,horror,hallucinations,delusions,excitement,depression,mentalretardation,conductdisorder,andinabilitytoadapttothesocialenvironment.

Themanifestationsofpsychologicalabnormalitiescanbesevereormild.

Themanifestationsofpsychologicalabnormalitiesarediverse.Atpresent,theyaregenerallyclassifiedaccordingtothefollowingsystem.

1.Severepsychologicalabnormalities

Includingschizophrenia,manic-depressivepsychosis,paranoidpsychosis,reactivepsychosis,pathologicalpersonalityandsexualityabnormal.

2.Mildpsychologicalabnormalities

Neurosisincludesneurasthenia,hysteria,anxiety,obsessive-compulsivedisorder,phobia,hypochondria,depressiondisease.

3.Psychosomaticdisorders

Mentaldisordersassociatedwithphysicaldiseasesincludeliver,lung,heart,kidney,bloodandothervisceraldiseases,endocrinediseases,collagenSexualdiseases,metabolicnutritiondiseases,postpartummentaldisordersandperiodicpsychosis.Psychologicalabnormalitiescausedbyvariouspsychosomaticdiseases(suchashypertension,coronaryheartdisease,ulcerdisease,bronchialasthma,etc.).

4.Mentalabnormalitiesinbraindisordersandphysicaldefects

includingtoxicpsychosis,infectiouspsychosis,brainorgansQualitativepsychosis,mentaldisordersassociatedwithintracranialinfections,mentaldisordersassociatedwithintracranialtumors,mentaldisordersassociatedwithcerebrovasculardiseases,mentaldisordersassociatedwithheadinjury,mentaldisordersassociatedwithepilepsy,psychiatricdisordersMentaldisorderssuchasexternalsystemdiseasesanddemyelinatingdiseases,senilepsychosis,mentalretardation,deafness,dumbness,blindness,claudicationandotherphysicaldefects.

5.Psychologicalabnormalitiesunderspecialconditions

Suchaspsychologicalabnormalitiescausedbycertaindrugsandhallucinogens;specialenvironments(aerospace,navigation,diving,Highmountains,etc.);psychologicalabnormalitiescausedbyhypnosisorsomespecialstatesofconsciousness,etc.

Check

1.Comparison

Individualscanfeeldifferentfromthepast,suchasexperiencingdepression,unhappinessordepression,Andfeelpain,soIneedtoseekhelpfromadoctor.Ortheobserverobservesthatthepatient'sbehaviorisdifferentfromthepastbasedonhisownexperience,whichcanalsoberegardedasabnormal.

2.Changesinthenatureofmentalactivity

Ifthereareobviousqualitativechangesinthepatient’smentalactivity,suchashallucinations,delusions,andobviousDisturbanceinlanguageorabnormalbehaviorindicatesapsychologicaldisorder.

3.Socialadaptationbarriers

Humanbehaviorisalwaysinharmonywiththeenvironment.Iftheindividualhassocialmaladjustment,itreflectsthathismentalactivitymaybeabnormal.However,people'ssocialadaptationbehaviorsandabilitiesareaffectedbytime,place,culture,customsandotherfactors,sosocialadaptationstandardsshouldbedeterminedaccordingtospecificcircumstances.

4.Statisticalstandards

Statisticsstandardsbelievethatpeople’spsychologicalmeasurementresultsareusuallynormallydistributed,andmostpeopleinthemiddlearementallynormalRange,bothendsareconsidered"abnormal".Therefore,todeterminewhetheraperson'smentalityisnormalornotdependsontheaveragelevelofdeviationfromthenormalperson'smentalcharacteristics.Inotherwords,akindofmentalactivityisnormalifitispossessedbymostpeopleunderthesameconditions;itisabnormalifitdeviatesfromthegenerallevelofmostpeople.Peoplehavedeviseddifferentpsychometrictechniquestomeasuredifferentpsychologicalcharacteristics.Accordingtothecomparisonofthemeasurementresultsofacertainindividualwiththemeasurementresultsofthenormalpopulation,thenormalandabnormalcriticalstatescanbedistinguished,suchasIQ:lessthan70isregardedasabnormal;70-90isregardedascritical;andabove90isnormal.Inaddition,somescalesusedinclinicalpracticearealsodesignedusingsimilarprinciples,andtheresultscanbeusedforclinicalreference.

5.Symptomsandetiologicalcriteria

Symptomsandetiologicalcriteriatreatmentaldisordersasphysicaldiseases.Ifapersonexhibitsacertainpsychologicalphenomenonorbehaviorandcanfindpathologicalanatomyorpathophysiologicalchanges,itisconsideredthatthepersonhasapsychologicaldisorderoradisease.Suchasthepsychologicaldisorderofdrugtoxicity,thejudgmentcanbebasedonwhetherthereisacertaindrug.Atthistime,physicalandchemicalexaminationsandpsychophysiologicaldeterminationsareofgreatsignificance.

Diagnosis

Thediagnosiscanbemadebasedontheetiology,clinicalmanifestationsandrelatedexaminations.

Differentialdiagnosis

Itisoftendifficulttocorrectlydistinguishbetweennormalandabnormalmentalactivity.Therearefourreasons:

1.Humanmentalactivityisinvisible,Canonlyinfertheprocessofhismentalactivitythroughhisspeechandbehavior.

2.Psychologicalactivitiesareaffectedbyavarietyoffactorssuchasenvironment,interpersonalandsocialandculturalrelations,aswellasspeakingandbehavior.

3.Individualdifferencesinmentalactivityaregreat.

4.Thereisnocleardistinctionbetweennormalandabnormalmentalactivities.

Therefore,onlyoneaspectofabnormalmentalactivitycannotbedeterminedasapsychologicaldisorder;thediagnosisofpsychologicaldisorderneedstomeetcertainstandards,andtheindividualfeelspainorobviouslyaffectshissocialcommunicationorprofessionalfunction.

Treatment

1.Faceyourownpsychologicalobstacles.

2.Followthescientificlawoftreatment.

3.Choosetherightpsychologist.

4.Seekprofessionalmedicaltreatment.

Prevention

1.Cultivateinterestandactivelyparticipateinoutdooractivities.

2.Learntocommunicateandhandleinterpersonalrelationshipswell.

3.Enhanceself-confidenceandputideasintoaction.

4.Stablementalityandfacedifficultiescalmly.

5.Becontentedandhappy,don'tpursueperfection.

6.Strengthenself-cultivationandavoidinferiorstimulation.

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