Domov technika rosin

rosin



Explanationofterms

1.Theuniquefragranceinthepineforest.

TangXuhun'spoem"SuKaiyuanTempleTower":"Thebamboocoloriscoldandclear,andtherosindyesthegreenscorpion."TangLuoye"SpringPassestheShouanMountainPavilion"poem:"ThecurtainopensthemountainandthecolorleavesthepavilionIntheafternoon,stepintothespringofRosinIsland."

2.Thealiasofrosin.

MingLiShizhen"CompendiumofMateriaMedica·Muyi·Song":"Rosin,alsoknownaspinecream,pinefat,pinegum,androsin."

3.Referstothesubstanceafterrosindistillation.Solid,transparent,insolubleinwater,hardandbrittle,lightyelloworbrown.Itisanindustrialrawmaterialforthemanufactureofpaint,soap,paper,matches,etc.

Basicmeaning

1.Theuniquefragranceinthepineforest.

2.Alsoknownaspinecream,pinefat,andpineglue.

3.Referstothesubstanceafterthedistillationofrosin.Solid,transparent,insolubleinwater,solubleinalcohol,hardandbrittle,lightyelloworbrown.Itisanindustrialrawmaterialformakingpaint,soap,paper,matches,etc.

4.Rosinistheoilfromthepinetreetrunkthatismeltedintowaterathightemperature,andbecomesamassivesolid(withoutafixedmeltingpoint)afterdrying.Itscolorisbrownanddeepred.Itisanimportantchemicalrawmaterial.Indailylife,itismainlyusedasafluxwhensolderingcircuitboards.Formusicalinstruments,rosinisappliedtothebowhairsoferhu,violin,matouqinandotherstringinstrumentstoincreasethefrictionbetweenthebowhairandthestrings.Forlearningballet,rosinplaysanon-slipeffect.

Physicalandchemicalproperties

Accordingtoitssource,rosincanbedividedintothreetypes:gumrosin,woodrosin,andtalloilrosin.Gumrosinisalsocalledrelaxingfragrance,withlightcolor,highacidvalueandhighsofteningpoint;woodrosinisalsocalledextractrosin,itsqualityisnotasgoodasgumrosin,itscolorisdark,itsacidvalueissmall,anditiseasytocrystallizefromsomesolvents;talloilrosinAlsoknownastalloilrosin.Rosinisatransparent,brittlesolidnaturalresin,whichisarelativelycomplexmixture,composedofresinacids(abieticacid,pimaricacid),asmallamountoffattyacids,rosinacidanhydrideandneutrals.Themaincomponentofrosinisresinacid,whichaccountsforabout90%.ItsmolecularformulaisC19H29COOH,anditsmolecularweightis302.46.Resinacidisthemostrepresentativerosinacid.Itisanunsaturatedacidandcontainsconjugateddoublebonds.Itstronglyabsorbsultravioletlightandcanbeoxidizedautomaticallyorafterinductionintheair.Theappearanceofrosinislightyellowtolightbrown,withglassyluster,withthesmellofturpentine,andthedensityis1.060~1.085g/cm3.Itisamorphous,hasnomeltingpoint,softeningpoint(ringandballmethod)72~76℃,boilingpointabout300℃(0.67kPa).TheglasstransitiontemperatureTgis30~38℃.Therefractiveindexis1.5453.Flashpoint(opencup)216℃.Theignitionpointisabout480~500℃.Itiseasytooxidizeintheair,andthecolorbecomesdarker.

Itissolubleinethanol,ether,acetone,toluene,carbondisulfide,dichloroethane,turpentine,petroleumether,gasoline,oilandalkalisolutions.Reducedsolubilityingasoline.Insolubleincoldwater,slightlysolubleinhotwater.Rosinhasexcellentpropertiessuchasviscosityincreasing,emulsification,softening,moisture-proof,anti-corrosion,andinsulation.Thedisadvantageisthatithasalargetendencytocrystallizeinsolvents.Thecrystallinityofrosinisduetothedifferentsolubilityofisomersinrosininsomesolventsandthedifferenceinwatercontentinrosin.Thecontentofrosinperfume<0.15%doesnotcrystallize>0.15%easilycrystallizes>0.16%crystallizesbadly.Rosincrystallizationisoneoftheimportantproblemsthataffectthequalityofrosin.Itwillcauseflocculentorprecipitatesmallparticlesintheadhesive,andalsomaketheglueliquidopaque.Thecrystallinityofrosincanbetestedbythefollowingmethod:take10gofrosinfragmentsand10mLofacetoneintoatesttube,plugtightly,dissolve,andletstand.Ifitcrystallizeswithin15minutes,therosiniseasytocrystallize;ifitdoesnotseparateoutafter2h,Itshowsthattherosinisnoteasytocrystallizeandcanbeusedwithconfidence.

Thequalityofrosindependsonitscolor,acidvalue,softeningpoint,transparency,etc.Generally,thelighterthecolor,thebetterthequality;themorerosinacidcontent,thegreatertheacidvalueandthehigherthesofteningpoint.

Rosinhasverygoodviscosity,especiallypressuresensitivity,fastviscosity,andlowtemperatureviscosity,butithaspoorcohesion.Becauserosincontainsdoublebondsandcarboxylgroups,ithasstrongreactivity,soitislessstabletolight,heatandoxygen,exhibitspooragingresistance,poorweatherresistance,andispronetochalkinganddiscoloration.TherosinisextremelyfineThemixtureofdustandairhasanexplosionhazard.Rosinisdividedinto6grades:special,one,two,three,four,andfive.

Sourceprocessing

Gumrosin

Therosinobtainedbycollectingrosinintheformofharvestingandreprocessingiscalledgumrosin.Itscharacteristicisthatthepinetreescanbeharvestedcontinuously,whichisconducivetothefulluseofresources.Chinaisrichinrosinresourcesandisthecountrywiththelargestoutputofgumrosin.Theoutputofgumrosinwillremainabove350,000tonsforalongtime.Therefore,itisestimatedthatinthenext20-30years,theannualoutputofgumrosinintheworldcanstillbemaintainedat650,000-700,000tons.

Woodrosin

Itistherosinthatisrefinedbycuttingpinerootsortreetrunks,leachingouttheresinwithasolvent,andprocessing.MainlyproducedintheUnitedStates,therawmaterialsaredependentontheprimitivepineforestsinthesoutheastofthecountry.Duetothereductionofforestresources,therawmaterialofwoodrosinisinshortsupply.Theoutputdroppedfrom316,000tonsin1950to20,000tons.WoodrosinwasalsoproducedintheformerSovietUnion,andtheoutputalsodroppedsharplyduetoreducedresources.Itisestimatedthattheworld'scurrentwoodrosinproductiononlyaccountsforlessthan5%ofthetotalrosin.

Highoilrosin

Itcomesfromthewoodpulpingandpapermakingindustry.Itisobtainedfromtheblackliquorrecoveredfromthekraftpulpingprocess.Itwasoriginallynotasgoodasgumrosininperformance.Later,duetoitsqualityWithcontinuousimprovement,theperformanceisnowsimilartothatofgumrosin.Duetothereductionintheproportionofpineusedinpapermaking,therosinyieldfromslickoilfractionationwasreduced(from27%to21%).Therefore,althoughthefractionationcapacityofcrudeoilhasincreasedinrecentyears,theoutputofhighoilrosinhasremainedrelativelystable,accountingforabout30%-35%ofthetotalrosin.

Qualityindex

Metricname

SpecialClass

FirstClass

Level2

Level3

Level4

Level5

Appearance

Transparenthardandbrittlesolid

Color

Slightyellow

Lightyellow

Yellow

Darkyellow

Yellowbrown

Yellowred

Softeningpoint(ballandballmethod)/℃≥

76

76

75

75

74

74

acidvalue/(mgKOH/g)≥

166

166

165

165

164

164

Unsaponifiablemattercontent/%≤

5

5

5

6

7

7

Ethanolinsolublematter/%≤

0.03

0.03

0.03

0.03

0.04

0.04

Ash/%≤

0.02

0.02

0.03

0.03

0.04

0.04

Industrialapplication

Rosinisoftenusedasatackifierinhotmelt,pressuresensitiveandsolvent-basedadhesivesResin,increaseinitialviscosityandimprovebondingstrength.Rosincanalsoimprovethedrynessandpeelingstrengthofthewater-basedacryliccompoundfilmadhesive,andthebestdosageis6%ofthetotalmonomer.Rosinisaweaklyacidicsubstance.IftheamountofSBStypeuniversalglueorsprayglueistoolarge,itwillcausetheironpackagingtobecorroded,causingthegluetoquicklyturnbrownandblack.Althoughitdoesnotaffectthebondingperformance,theappearanceisItissuspicious.

Rosinisverysensitivetotheeffectsoflight,heat,andoxygen,especiallyinpowderform,whichisveryeasytooxidize,soitshouldbestoredasawholetopreventoxidationfromdarkeningitscolorandchangingitsproperties.Whenthesurfaceofthebulkrosinisoxidized,anoxidefilmisformed,whichcanpreventfurtheroxidationoftheinternalrosin.Moisturecanacceleratetheoxidationprocessofrosinandreleaseaceticacidduringdeepoxidation.Rosinisaveryimportantchemicalrawmaterialandiswidelyusedinvariousindustrialsectors.Itsmainusesareasfollows:

Soapindustry

Rosiniscookedtogetherwithsodaashorcausticsodatoformrosinsoap.Rosinsoaphasgreatdetergency,iseasilysolubleinwater,candissolvegrease,andiseasytofoam.Rosinisstickyandcanmakesoaplesslikelytocrackandrancid.

Papermakingindustry

Rosinisusedasapapermakingcompoundinthepapermakingindustry.Rosinandcausticsodamakerosinsodiumsoap,namelysizingmaterial.Thesizingmaterialismixedwithpulpandaddedwithalumtomaketherosinbecomewater-insolublefreeresinacidparticlesattachedtothesmallfibers.Whenthepulpisrolledonthedryingcylinder,itisheatedWhentherosinsoftensandfillsbetweenthefibers,thiseffectiscalled"sizing"or"sizing".Afterthepaperis"glued",itcanenhancewaterresistance,preventinkpenetration,improvestrengthandsmoothness,andreducestretch.

Paintandcoatingindustry

Rosiniseasytodissolveinvariousorganicsolvents,anditiseasytoformafilmandhasluster.Itisoneofthebasicrawmaterialsforpaintandcoating.Theroleofrosininthepaintistomakethepaintbrighter,dryquickly,andthepaintfilmissmoothandnoteasytofalloff.

InkIndustry

Rosinismainlyusedasavehicleinprintinginksandenhancestheadhesionofinktopaper.Ifrosinisnotusedintheink,theprintedinkwillhaveadullandblurredtone.

Adhesiveindustry

Adhesivesbasedonrosinestersandhydrogenatedrosinestersareoftenusedashot-meltadhesives,pressure-sensitiveadhesivesandrubberadditives.Adhesive.

Rubberindustry

Rosinisusedasasoftenerintherubberindustrytoincreaseitselasticity.Potassiumdisproportionatedrosinsoapcanbeusedassyntheticrubber.

Foodindustry

Heatandmelthydrogenatedrosinglyceridewithnaturalcarbohydrategum,wax,vinylacetate,etc.,andthenaddspices,sugarandcoloringstomixthoroughlytomakechewinggum.Whenslaughteringpigs,cattleandsheepintheslaughterhouse,afterusingdehairingmachinery,thehairleftontheanimal'sbodyandheadcanbeusedasadepilatorycomposedof88-94%moltenrosinand6-12%cottonseedoilToremove.

Electricalindustry

Use35%rosinand65%brightoiltomakeinsulatingoil,whichisusedasaprotectivefilmonthecabletoprovideinsulationandheatresistance.Rosinismixedwithbakeliteandotherartificialresinstobeusedasinsulatingvarnish.

Buildingmaterialsindustry

Rosinismainlyusedasconcretefoamingagentandfloortilebinderinbuildingmaterialsindustry.Rosinisalsousedasabinderforvinylchlorideasbestostiles.Rosinandlinseedoil,calciumcarbonate,charcoal,pigments,etc.canbemixedtogethertomakecarpettiles.

MakingFixingLiquid

Becauseofthesolubility,volatility,andtheprinciplethatrosincanquicklycondenseintoalayerof"sturdyandtransparentfilm"aftervolatilization,theartistprotectsthepictureandprevents""Sketchdrawing"isrubbedoff,andusuallymakea"fixeddrawing"liquidbyyourself,thatis:onepartofrosinpowder,ninepartsofalcohol,orxylenesolventratio,firstputtherosininawell-sealedglassware,andthenputthealcohol,Orxylene,pouritin,closethelid,anddissolveitbyitselftwodayslater.Whenitisused,shakeitandpouritintothewateringcan,20cmawayfromthescreen,andsprayevenlyonthescreen,sprayatanytime,volatilizeatanytime,itwilldryoutafterafewminutes,andyouwillnotbeafraidofbeingrubbedoffinthefuture.Note:Thereshouldnotbetoomuchrosin,itwillturnyellowanddarkifitistoomuch.

Flux

Sincethemetalsurfaceisincontactwithair,anoxidefilmwillbeformed.Thehigherthetemperature,thethickertheoxidelayer.Thisoxidefilmpreventsliquidsolderfrominfiltratingthemetal,justasoilonglasspreventswaterfrominfiltratingtheglass.Fluxisaspecialmaterialtoremoveoxidefilm,alsoknownasflux.Fluxhasthreefunctions:

1.Removalofoxidefilm:Theessenceisthatthesubstanceinthefluxundergoesareductionreactiontoremovetheoxidefilm,andthereactionproductbecomesasuspendedslag,Floatingonthesoldersurface.

2.Preventoxidation:Afteritmelts,itfloatsonthesurfaceofthesoldertoformanisolationlayer,thuspreventingtheoxidationofthesolderingsurface.

3.Reducesurfacetension:Increasesolderfluidityandhelpsoldertowettheweldment.

Instrumentattached

Rosinisappliedtothebowhairoferhu,violinandotherinstrumentstoincreasethefrictionofthebowhaironthestrings.Therefinedtransparentlumpyrosinisthebest,andthenaturalcrystallinerosinsecretedandsolidifiedfromtheChinesepinecanalsobesubstituted.

Thepopularfolkmethodofrosinistosplitabamboopieceintoacrackinadvance,andthensandwichtherosininit.Thenignitethebamboosliceswithfire,maketherosinhotanddripitonthepianotube.Thismethodiscalled"hotincense".Althoughburningincenseismoreconvenientandtrouble-freeforplaying,ithinderstheperformanceofcertainbowingtechniques.Atthesametime,thepianotubeandtheskinarenotcleanenough.

Themorepopularoneis"scenting",whichmeansusingrosintowipethebowhairsbackandforthrepeatedly.Afterrubbingtherosininthisway,itcanpullatleastanhour.Practicehasprovedthatthesoundofthepianojustafter"smearingthefragrance"isnotverysatisfactory.Ittakestwoorthreeminutestoplaythepianobeforeitgraduallybecomesnormal.Whenrubbingthefragrance,donotusetoomuchforcetoavoidbreakingthebowhair.

Theoldrosinwillbeeffectiveonlyafewhoursafterusingthenewrosin.

Withoutrosin,thebowwillbeslipperywhenpulledonthestringsandwillnotmakeasound.Withalittlerosin,thebowhairwillhavesomestickiness,andwhenitisplayed,itwill"grab"thestringandmakeitvibratetomakeasound.Whenrosinisbought,itiswrappedinclothorasmallbox.Itisnotonlystickybutalsoveryhard.Generally,itcanbeusedforalongtime.Thehardertherosin,theeasieritistobreak.

Manybrandsofrosincomeintwocolors,butthepriceisthesame,thelighterislikehoney,andthedarkerislikelicorice.Whenplaying,therosinwillturnintopowder,anditscolorwillbethesamewhiteatthistime.

Thehardnessofrosinisveryhigh.Therosinofonebrandmaybeharderthantherosinofanotherbrand.Whentherosinispressedhardwiththebow,thehardnesscanbeidentified.Thesoftrosinwillmakethestringsvibratebetter,butbecauseitistoosticky,itiseasytoproducenoise,especiallyonthegutstrings.

Color

Therosincolorisatransparentandbrightcolorthattheancientsusedgarciniaororpimenttomixwithwaterinastrictratio(about5:2).Itismostlyusedtodyewindowscreensandbelongstohigh-gradedyes.CaoXueqinmentionedin"ADreamofRedMansions"and"WaiyizhaiManuscript"thatoneoftheancient"softsmoke"windowscreenswasrosincolored.

Toxicityhazard

Industrialrosinismainlyusedinpaint,papermaking,rubbermanufacturing,etc.Itisnotverytoxictothehumanbody,butbecauseitoftencontainsheavymetalssuchasleadandtoxiccompounds,andtheperoxideproducedafteroxidationwillseriouslyaffecthumanhealth.

InApril2012,CCTVreportedthatattheYangjiashanPoultryWholesaleMarketinChangshaCity,HunanProvince,vendorsusedindustrialrosintofurnishducksinoneminute.Asaresult,themarketwasinvestigatedanddealtwithbythelocalfoodsafetyandindustryandcommercedepartmentsandclosedforrectification.Lawenforcementofficialssaidthatrosinduckcontainsheavymetalsandothertoxiccompounds,whichcancausecancer.

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