Domov technika Nobel Peace Prize

Nobel Peace Prize



Awardhistory

TheNobelwilltestamentmanuscript(fourpagesintotal)comesfromtheofficialwebsiteoftheNobelPrize(4photos)

November27,1895,ThelastwillwrittenbyAlfredBernhardNobel(hereinafterreferredtoasNobel)oneyearbeforehisdeathwassignedattheSwedishNorwegianClubinParis.Accordingtothelastwill,hisestatewillbeusedtoestablishaseriesofawardstorecognizethosewho"havemadethegreatestcontributiontomankind"inphysics,chemistry,peace,physiologyormedicine,andliterature.TheassetsusedtoestablishthefiveNobelPrizesaccountedfor94%ofNobel'stotalassets,namely31millionSwedishkrona.

OnApril26,1897,Nobel’swillwaspassedandexecutedbytheNorwegianParliament,andtheexecutorsRonnerSolmanandRudolfLilljequistestablishedtheNobelFoundation,Manageestatesandbonuses.Afterthepassageofthewill,theNobelPeacePrizewillbeadministeredbytheNorwegianNobelCommittee,andtheNorwegianParliamentwillselect5peopletoformacommitteetodeterminethewinners.TheNobelFoundationsubsequentlyreachedanagreementontheawardcriteriafortheNobelPrize.

In1900,KingOscarIIofSwedenpromulgatednewregulationsoftheNobelFoundation.

OnDecember10,1901,theNobelPeacePrizewasawardedforthefirsttimeonthe5thanniversaryofNobel’sdeath.

In1935,KarlvonOsitskyfailedtoattendtheawardbecauseGermanyatthetimerefusedtoissuehimapassport.

In1961,DagHammarskjöldpassedawaybeforetheaward,andthecommitteeawardedhimtheaward.

In1973,theVietnamesepoliticianLeDucThorefusedtoaccepttheNobelPeacePrize.Hewastheonlypersonwhorefusedtheprize.

In1975,AndreiDmitriyevichSakharovfailedtoattendtheawardbecausetheSovietgovernmentatthetimerefusedtoissuehimapassport.

In1991,AungSanSuuKyifailedtoattendtheawardbecauseshewasunderhousearrestbytheMyanmargovernment.AfterbeingreleasedandelectedasamemberofParliament,shepersonallyacceptedtheawardonJune16,2012.

OnJune10,2007,theNobelPeacePrizeMedalwonbyArchbishopDesmondTutuwasstolenfromhishomeinSoweto,andthepropertywasrecoveredbythepoliceonthe16th..OnJune17,theNobelPeacePrizemedalwonbythelatePalestinianleaderYasserArafatwasstoleninthechaosofGaza.

OnApril3,2013,theNobelPeaceMedalwonbyArthurHendersonwasstoleninNewcastle,UK.

Awardssettings

  • Awardsoverview

NobelPeacePrizeIncludingagoldmedal,acertificateandabonus.TheamountofthebonusdependsontheincomeoftheNobelFoundationthatyear(forallbonusessince1901,pleaserefertotheofficialwebsiteoftheNobelPrize).Inthecaseofmorethanonewinner,theprizemoneywillbesplitequally,oroneofthemwillgethalfandtheothertwowilleachgetaquarter.

  • Bonus

EveryNobelPeacePrizewinnerwillreceiveabonusandAdocumentrecordingtheamountofthebonus.The2009bonuswas10millionSwedishkronor(approximately1.4millionUSdollars).In2012,duetobudgetcuts,thebonuswasreducedto8millionSwedishkronor(approximately1.1millionUSdollars).TheamountofthebonuswillvarywiththeincomeoftheNobelFoundationthatyear.Iftherearemorethanonewinnersatthesametime,theprizemoneycanbedividedequally;iftherearethreewinnersatthesametime,theprizemoneycanalsobedistributedataratioof2:1:1,thatis,onepersongetsone-halfandtheothertwoEachgetsaquarter.

Organizationalprocess

Selectionprocess

FromSeptembertoJanuary31ofthefollowingyear,theNorwegianNobelCommitteeisreadytoacceptnominations.

February1stofeachyear,thedeadlinefornomination.Thecommitteeevaluatesbasedonthenomination(postmarkdatemustbenolaterthanFebruary1stoftheyear).Ifthepostmarkdateislaterthanthedeadline,thenominationwillbeincludedinthenextyear’sdiscussion.Thecommitteehasreceivednearly200differentNobelPeacePrizenominees.Thenumberofnominationlettersismuchhigher,becausemanynominatethesamecandidate.

FebruaryandMarcheveryyear,shortlist.Thecommitteeconductscandidateevaluationandpreparesashortlist.InMarchandAugust,theconsultantreviewed.

Inmid-Octobereveryyear,thelistofNobelPrizewinnersisannounced.

EveryDecember10th,theNobelPeacePrizeawardceremonywillbeheldinOsloCityHall,Norway.

Nominationprocess

AccordingtotherulesoftheNobelFoundation,theNobelPeacePrizeCommitteesendsconfidentialdocumentstothosewhoarecapableandqualifiedtonominate,andtheyrecommendNobelPeacePrizewinners,Qualifiednominators(Qualifiednominators)requirementsareasfollows:

1.NationalAssemblymembersandnationalgovernmentmembers(cabinetmembers/ministers)ofsovereigncountriesandcurrentheadsofstate;

2MemberofTheHagueInternationalCourtofJusticeandMemberofTheHaguePermanentCourtofArbitration;

3.MemberoftheInternationalLawSociety;

4.MemberoftheInternationalCommitteeoftheInternationalWomen’sAllianceforPeaceandFreedom;

5.Universityprofessor,historyprofessor,historian,associateprofessorofhistory,socialsciences,law,philosophy,theologyandreligion;universitypresident(oritsequivalent);directoroftheInstituteofPeaceandForeignPolicy;

6.NobelPeacePrizewinner;

7.BoardmemberoftheNobelPeacePrizewinningorganization(oritsequivalent);

8.CurrentpositionAndtheoutgoingmembersoftheNorwegianNobelCommittee(theirnominationcanbeafterFebruary1,butbeforeoronthedayofthefirstmeetingoftheCommittee);

9.PermanentadviseroftheNorwegianNobelCommittee.

Unlessotherwisestated,theterm"member"shouldbeunderstoodasthecurrentmember.

Selectionandevaluation

TheNorwegianNobelCommitteeisresponsiblefortheselectionofcandidatesfortheNobelPeacePrizeandtheselectionofwinners.ThecommitteeiscomposedoffivemembersappointedbytheNorwegianParliament.

Awards

Resultsoftheawards

Asof2020,theNobelPeacePrizehasbeenawarded101times,with135winners,including107individualsand28Organizations;68timeswereobtainedbyoneperson,30timesweresharedbytwopersons,and2timesweresharedbythreepersons.

Year

Winner

Countryorregion

Reason

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1901

HenryDunant

Switzerland

FounderoftheInternationalCommitteeoftheRedCross

FrederickPassy

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France

Inter-ParliamentaryUnionThemainfounderofandthemainorganizerofthefirstWorldPeaceConference

1902

ElieDickmen

Switzerland

FirstHonorarySecretary-GeneraloftheInternationalPeaceBureau

CharlesAlbertGobat

Switzerland

Thefirstsecretary-generaloftheInter-ParliamentaryUnion

1903

WilliamRandallCreamer

UnitedKingdom

FatheroftheInter-ParliamentaryUnion

1904

InternationalLawInstitute

Belgium

Asanunofficialinstitution,itstrivestoformulategeneralprinciplesofinternationallaw

1905

Bertavon·Suttner

Austro-HungarianEmpire

Theauthorofthebook"LetDownWeapon",alsocontributedtotheestablishmentoftheNobelPeacePrize

1906

TheodoreRoosevelt

TheUnitedStates

successfullymediatedandendedtheRusso-JapaneseWar,hewasinthearbitrationThecontributionmadealsoprovidedthefirstcasetothePermanentCourtofArbitration

1907

EnestoTeodoroMoneta

Italy

ThemainleaderoftheItalianpeacemovement

LouisRenault

France

Frenchinternationaljurist,thePermanentCourtofArbitrationinTheHagueMember

1908

Klass·PontusArnoldsson

Sweden

FounderoftheSwedishAllianceforPeaceandArbitration

FredryKeBeye

Denmark

ThemostimportantpeaceadvocateinScandinavia,coupledwithhisimportantcontributiontotheInter-ParliamentaryUnion,heisalsothefirstchairmanoftheInternationalPeaceBureau

1909

AugustBernard

Belgium

LeaderoftheInter-ParliamentaryUnion,twiceTheHagueRepresentativeofthePeaceConference

PaulDeConstant

France

Abrilliantcareerinthefieldofinternationalarbitration,andDiplomaticworkbetweenGermanyandBritainandFrance

1910

InternationalPeaceBureau

Switzerland

Thebondbetweencountriesandpeacefulsocieties

1911

1911

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TobiasAssel

Netherlands

MemberoftheArbitrationCourt,initiatorofTheHagueConferenceonPrivateInternationalLaw

AlfredHermanFried

Austro-HungarianEmpire

FounderoftheGermanPeaceAssociation

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1912

ElihuRoot

UnitedStates

Stronginterestininternationalarbitrationandplanstoestablishaninternationalcourt

1913

HenryLafontaine

Belgium

DirectoroftheInternationalPeaceBureau

1914

Noawards

1915

Noawards

1916

Noawards

1917

InternationalCommitteeoftheRedCross

Switzerland

MakeeveryefforttoprotecttherightsofprisonersofwarfromallsidesoftheFirstWorldWar,includingtherighttoallowprisonersofwartoestablishcontactwiththeirfamilies.

1918

Noawards

1919

WoodrowWilson

UnitedStates

PlayedavitalroleintheestablishmentoftheLeagueofNations

1920

LeonBourgeois

France

ParticipatedinthetwoHaguePeaceConferencesin1899and1907.HewasresponsiblefortheestablishmentoftheLeagueofNations.Hehasmadegreatcontributionsandisoftenreferredtoasthe"spiritualfather"ofthealliance

1921

KarlYarmaBranding

Sweden

IhavemadeimportantcontributionstotheLeagueofNations

ChristianRoussLange

Norway

ThefirstSecretary-GeneraloftheNorwegianNobelCommittee,Secretary-GeneraloftheInter-ParliamentaryUnion

1922

FrichevNansen

Norway

HelpingmillionsofRussianpeoplewhoarestrugglingtofightfamine,andhelpingrefugeesfromAsiaMinorandThrace

1923

Noawards

1924

Noawards

1925

AustinChamberlain

UnitedKingdom

ContributedtothesigningoftheLocarnoConvention

CharlesGatesDaws

TheUnitedStates

TheDawesPlanwasformulatedforGermancompensation,whichbecamethe1925RomaniaTheeconomicpillaroftheGanoConvention

1926

AristideBrian

France

ContributedtothesigningoftheLoganoConvention

GustavStreiZeman

Germany

1927

FerdinandEdwardBusson

France

ContributionstotheFranco-Germanreconciliation

LudwigKweid

Germany

1928

Noawards

1929

Frank·B·Kellogg

UnitedStates

Advocatingthesigningofthe"Barian-KelloggConventiononNon-Warfare",thesignatoriessaidthattheyabandontheuseofwarasameansofnationalpolicyandcanonlyresolveinternationaldisputesorconflictsthroughpeacefulmethods

1930

TanSoderblum

Sweden

EffortsfortheunityofChristianityandworldpeace

1931

JaneAdams

UnitedStates

RewardherforherworkonsocialreformandhercontributionastheleaderoftheInternationalWomen’sAllianceforPeaceandFreedom

NicholasMurrayButler

UnitedStates

Promotethesigningofthe"Non-WarPact"andtheUnitedStatesforpeaceLeaderoftheMovement

1932

Noawards

1933

NormanAngel

UnitedKingdom

Authorof"TheGreatIllusion",supporteroftheLeagueofNations,influentialpropagandistandpeaceeducator

1934

ArthurHenderSen

UnitedKingdom

InrecognitionofhiscontributionstotheLeagueofNations,especiallyinthefieldofdisarmament

1935

KarlvonOsitsky

NaziGermany

StrivetoopposeGermanreorganization

1936

CarlosSavidraLaMas

Argentina

HeledtheMansionValleywartoendinParaguayandBolivia

1937

1937

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E·A·RobCecil

UnitedKingdom

RecognizehiscontributiontotheLeagueofNations

1938

NansenInternationalRefugeeOffice

InternationalLeague

Recognizetheorganization’shelptorefugees

1939

Noawards

1940

Noawards

1941

Noawards

1942

Noawards

1943

Noawards

1944

InternationalCommitteeoftheRedCross

Switzerland

Recognizestheorganization’slargeamountofhumanitarianismduringWorldWarIIDoctrinework

1945

CordellHull

UnitedStates

RecognizinghisstruggleagainstisolationisminhishometownandestablishingapeacefulcountryontheAmericancontinentTheeffortsoftheallianceandtheworkdonefortheUnitedNationsorganization

1946

EmilyBalch

UnitedStates

Formerprofessorofhistoryandsociology,honoraryinternationalpresidentoftheInternationalWomen’sAllianceforPeaceandFreedom

JohnMudd

UnitedStates

PresidentoftheWorldYMCA,PresidentoftheInternationalMissionAssociation

1947

BritishCatholicChurch

UnitedKingdom

Sympathyforothersanddesiretohelpthem

AmericanCatholicChurch

UnitedStates

1948

Noawardwasawardedbecause"thereisnosuitableandlivingcandidate"becauseofNobelThePeacePrizewillnotposthumouslyawardwinnerswhohavepassedaway.ThecommitteeusesthistopaytributetoMahatmaGandhiwhowasassassinatednotlongago

1949

JohnBoydOrr

UnitedKingdom

Director-GeneralandOutstandingOrganizeroftheFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations,ChairmanoftheWorldPeaceOrganizationAllianceandtheNationalPeaceCouncil

1950

RalphJohnsonBunch

UnitedStates

ProfessorofHarvardUniversity,inrecognitionofhismediationin1948EffortsintheArab-IsraeliWar

1951

LeonJoao

France

ChairmanoftheInternationalCommitteeoftheCouncilofEurope,Vice-ChairmanoftheInternationalConfederationofFreeTradeUnions,Vice-ChairmanoftheWorldFederationofTradeUnions,MemberoftheBoardofDirectorsoftheInternationalLabourOrganization,RepresentativeoftheUnitedNations

1952

AlbertSchweitzer

France

Preacher,founderofLambarene

1953

GeorgeCartlettMarshall

UnitedStates

PresidentoftheAmericanRedCross,formerU.S.SecretaryofStateandU.S.SecretaryofDefense,UnitedNationsrepresentative,InitiatoroftheMarshallPlan

1954

OfficeoftheUnitedNationsHighCommissionerforRefugees

UnitedNations

InternationalrescueorganizationfoundedbytheUnitedNationsin1951

1955

Noawards

1956

Noawards

1957

LesterBurroughsPearson

Canada

FormerCanadianForeignMinisterandChairmanoftheseventhmeetingoftheUnitedNationsGeneralAssembly,inordertoendtheSuezCanalcrisisandtryEffortstosolvetheMiddleEastissuethroughtheUnitedNations

1958

GeorgePeel

Belgium

FatheroftheDominicanChurch,leaderofrefugeereliefagencies

1959

PhilipNoel-Baker

UnitedKingdom

MemberoftheEuropeanParliament,dedicatedtointernationalpeaceforlifeCooperationwith

1960

AlbertLutuli

SouthAfrica

ChairmanoftheAfricanNationalCongress,he"standsattheforefrontofSouthAfrica’sstruggleagainstapartheid"

1961

DagHammarskjöld

Sweden

TheSecretary-GeneraloftheUnitedNations,inrecognitionofhiscontributiontostrengtheningtheroleoftheUnitedNations

1962

LinusKarlPauling

UnitedStates

Recognizehiseffortsinopposingnuclearweaponstests

1963

InternationalCommitteeoftheRedCross

Switzerland

Recognizetheorganization’s100yearsofeffortstoprotecthumanrights

InternationalFederationofRedCrossandRedCrescentSocieties

Switzerland

1964

MartinLutherKing

UnitedStates

Civilrightsactivist,thefirstpersonintheWesternworldtoprovetousthatstrugglescanbeinitiatedinanon-violentway

1965

UnitedNationsInternationalChildren’sEmergencyReliefFund

UnitedNations

InternationalRescueOrganization

1966

Noawards

1967

Noawards

1968

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ReneCarson

France

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ChairmanoftheEuropeanCourtofHumanRights

1969

InternationalLaborOrganization

UnitedNations

1970

NormanBraug

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UnitedStates

RecognizehisThecontributionmadebytheGreenRevolutionhashadaprofoundimpactonfoodproductionintheworld,especiallyinAsiaandLatinAmerica

1971

WilliBrandt

WestGermany

TheChancelloroftheFederalRepublicofGermany,inrecognitionofhiscontributiontoWestGermanEasternpolicy

1972

Noawards

1973

HenryKissinger

TheUnitedStates

TheactiveroleoftheUnitedStatesinachievingaceasefireintheVietnamWarandthewithdrawalofUStroopsthroughtheParisPeaceAgreement

LiDeshou

NorthVietnam

1974

SeanMcBride

Ireland

ChairmanoftheInternationalPeaceBureau,ChairmanoftheNamibiaCommission,commendinghimforhisworkinthefieldofhumanrightsContributions:ThroughtheEuropeanParliament’strialoftheEuropeanConventiononHumanRights,assistedinthecreationofAmnestyInternationalandservedasaleader,servingastheSecretary-GeneraloftheInternationalCommissionofJurists

SatoEisaku

Japan

ThePrimeMinisterofJapanannouncedthatJapanwillabandonthedevelopmentofnuclearweaponsandstrivetopromoteregionalreconciliation

1975

AndreiDmitrijevicSakharov

SovietUnion

Recognizehiseffortsinfightingforhumanrights,disarmamentandpromotingcooperationamongallcountries

1976

BettyWilliams

UnitedKingdom/Ireland

NorthernIrelandPeaceMovement(laterrenamedPeacePeopleThefounderofthesociety)

MeridCorrigan

UnitedKingdom/Ireland

1977Year

AmnestyInternational

UnitedKingdom

Effortstoprotectthehumanrightsofprisonersofconscience

1978

MuhammadAnwarSadat

Egypt

SignedtheCampDavidagreement,whichbroughtpeacetoEgyptandIsraelthroughnegotiations

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MenachemBegin

Israel

1979

SisterTeresa

India

FounderoftheMissionarySistersofCharity

1980

AdoPerezEskivir

Argentina

Humanrightsleadersfoundednon-violenthumanrightsorganizationstofightagainstthemilitarygovernmentrulingArgentina

1981

UnitedNationsHighCommissionerforRefugees

UnitedNations

TheinternationalrescueorganizationfoundedbytheUnitedNationsin1951

1982

AlvaMidal

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Sweden

RecognizetheirimportantroleintheUNdisarmamentconsultations.TheyHavewontherecognitionoftheinternationalcommunity

AfonsoGarciaRobles

Mexico

1983

LechWalesa

Poland

FounderoftheSolidarityFederationofTradeandIndustry,humanrightsactivist

1984

Desmond·Tutu

SouthAfrica

BishopofJohannesburgandformerSecretary-GeneraloftheCouncilofSouthAfricanChurches

1985

InternationalNuclearWarDoctorsOrganization

UnitedStates

Issuingauthoritativeinformationhelpspeoplerealizethedisastrousconsequencesofatomicwarfare,whichinturnhelpsincreasepublicoppositiontotheproliferationofatomicweapons,redefinetheirpriority,andpaymoreattentionPressureonhealthandotherhumanitarianissues

1986

ElieWiesel

UnitedStates

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ChairmanoftheUnitedStatesPresident’sHolocaustCommittee

1987

OscarAriasSanchez

CostaRica

RecognizehisworkforpeaceinCentralAmericaContribution,hiseffortsledthepartiestosignanagreementinGuatemalaonAugust7thisyear

1988

UnitedNationsPeacekeepingForce

UnitedNations

MakinganimportantcontributiontotherealizationofoneofthebasicprinciplesoftheUnitedNations

1990

MikhailSergeyevichGoErbachev

SovietUnion

TheGeneralSecretaryoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyoftheSovietUnionandthePresidentoftheSovietUnion,commendedhimforhisleadingroleinthepeaceprocessandhelpedformanimportantpartoftoday’sinternationalsociety

1991

AungSanSuuKyi

Myanmar

RecognizeherforhereffortstofightfordemocracyandNon-violentprotestsagainsthumanrights

1992

RigovetaMenchu·Tum

Guatemala

Recognizehereffortstopromotesocialjusticeandnationalculturalreconciliationonthebasisofrespectingtherightsofindigenouspeoples

1993

NelsonMandela

SouthAfrica

RecognizetheireffortstoendtheapartheidsysteminSouthAfricathroughpeacefulmeans,andLaythefoundationforademocraticnewSouthAfrica

FrederickWilliamDekler

SouthAfrica

1994

YasirAllahFat

Palestine

RecognizesbothsidesfortheircouragetopasspoliticsTheactionfulfilleditspromiseandopenedupnewdevelopmentopportunitiesfortheMiddleEasttomovetowardsfraternity

Itzhak·Rabin

Israel

ShimonPerez

Israel

1995

JosephRothblatt

UnitedKingdom

Recognizethemforreducingnuclearweaponsininternationalpoliticsandmovingtowardsthelong-termdirectionofeliminatingnuclearweaponsEffortsmadetomoveforward

PugwashConferenceonScienceandWorldAffairs

Canada

1996

SiménezBello

EastTimor

RecognizetheireffortstoachieveajustandpeacefulresolutionoftheEastTimorconflict

JoséRamosHorta

EastTimor

1997

InternationalAnti-MineOrganization

Switzerland

Recognizingtheireffortsinbanningandclearinganti-personnellandmines

JodyWilliams

UnitedStates

1998

JohnHume

Ireland

RecognizethemforEffortstofindapeacefulsolutiontotheconflictinNorthernIreland

DavidTrimble

UnitedKingdom

1999

DoctorsWithoutBorders

Switzerland

Recognizetheorganization’spioneeringhumanitarianworkonmultiplecontinents

2000

KimDaeJung

Korea

RecognizehiscontributionstothecauseofdemocracyandhumanrightsinSouthKoreaandEastAsia,especiallythepeaceandreconciliationwithNorthKorea

2001

UnitedNations

UnitedNations

Recognizetheorganization'scontributiontothepromotionofworldpeace

KofiAnnan

Ghana

2002

JimmyCarter

UnitedStates

Recognizehimfordecadesofseekingpeacefulsolutionstointernationaldisputes,advancingdemocracyandhumanrights,andpromotingeconomicandsocialdevelopment

2003

ShilinIbadi

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Iran

RecognizeherforTheeffortsmadebydemocracyandhumanrights.Shealsopaysspecialattentiontothestrugglefortherightsofwomenandchildren.

2004Year

WangariMaathai

Kenya

Recognizinghercontributioninthefieldofsustainabledevelopment,democracyandpeace

2005

InternationalAtomicEnergyAgency

UnitedNations

RecognizethemforpreventingnuclearenergyfrombeingusedformilitarypurposesandensuringthesafestwayEffortsinthepeacefuluseofnuclearenergy

MuhammadElBaradei

Egypt

2006

MohamedYunas

Bangladesh

RecognizesthemforadvancingtheeconomythroughsmallloansforentrepreneurshipandThepoor,especiallywomen’scontributiontosocialopportunities

BangladeshCountryBank

Bangladesh

2007

IntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange

TheUnitedNations

Recognizestheireffortsindisseminatingknowledgeofman-madeclimatechangeandlayingthefoundationforthemeasuresneededtodealwiththischange

AlGore

UnitedStates

2008

MartiAhtisaari

Finland

Recognizehiseffortsintryingtoresolveinternationalconflictsbytravelingacrossseveralcontinentsformorethan30years

2009

BerakObama

UnitedStates

Inrecognitionofhisextraordinaryeffortsinpromotinginternationaldiplomacyandcooperationamongpeoplesofallcountries

2011

EllenJohnsonSirleaf

Liberia

Recognizetheirnon-violentstrugglesforwomen’ssafetyandwomen’sfullparticipationinpeace-buildingefforts

LeymanGubawe

Liberia

TavakuKaman

Yemen

2012Year

EuropeanUnion

EuropeanUnion

Recognizestheorganization’seffortsinadvancingEuropeanpeaceandreconciliation,democracyandhumanrightsformorethansixtyyears.Contributions

2013

OrganizationfortheProhibitionofChemicalWeapons

Netherlands

Recognizingtheorganization’sextensiveeffortsineliminatingchemicalweapons

2014

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Satyarshi

India

Theyarefightingagainsttheoppressionofchildrenandyoungpeopleandfightingfortherighttoeducationforallchildren

MalaaraYoussefZai

Pakistan

2015

TunisiaNationalDialogueSifangGroup

Tunisia

AftertheJasmineRevolutionin2011,itsdecisivecontributiontotheestablishmentofadiverseanddemocraticTunisia

2016

JuanManuelSantos

Colombia

HisunremittingeffortsputanendtotheColombianCivilWarthatlastedmorethan50yearsandkilledatleast220,000Colombiansandmadenearly6millionhomeless

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2017

InternationalCampaigntoAbolishNuclearWeapons

Switzerland

Drawtheattentionofallpartiestothedisastroushumanitarianconsequencesofusinganynuclearweaponsandthebreakthrougheffortstorealizethetreatybanningtheseweapons

2018

DeniMuquig

DemocraticRepublicofCongo

Theyarecommittedtoendingtheuseofsexualviolenceasweaponsinwarsandarmedconflicts

NadiaMurad

Iraq

2019

AbiAhmedDeAli

Ethiopia

Recognizehiseffortstoachievepeaceandinternationalcooperation,especiallyhisdecisiveinitiativetoresolvetheborderconflictwithneighboringEritrea

2020

WorldFoodProgram

Inrecognitionoftheircontributiontoimprovingpeaceconditionsinconflict-affectedareas

Statistics

Thestatisticsareasof2019,andthecontentcomesfromtheofficialwebsiteoftheNobelPrize:

Numberoftimes

TheInternationalCommitteeoftheRedCrosswonthreeNobelPeacePrizes(in1917,1944and1963);

TheOfficeoftheUnitedNationsHighCommissionerforRefugeeswontwoNobelPeacePrizes(in1954)And1981)

Age

TheyoungestNobelPeacePrizewinnerisMalalaYoussefZai(17yearsoldwhenhewontheprizein2014);

TheoldestTheNobelPeacePrizewinnerisJosephRothblatt(87yearsoldwhenhewontheprizein1995)

Gender

Atotalof17womenhavewontheNobelPeacePrize,namelyBertavonSuttner(1905),JaneAdams(1931),EmilyBalch(1946),Betty·Williams(1976),MeridCorrigan(1976),MotherTeresa(1979),AlvaMidal(1982),AungSanSuuKyi(1991),RigowetaMenchu​​Tum(1992),JodyWilliams(1997),ShirinIbadi(2003),WangariMaathai(2004),EllenJohnson-Sirleaf(2011),LeymanGubové(2011),TavakuKaman(2011),MalalaYoussefZai(2014)andNadiaMurad(2018).AmongthesixNobelPrizes,itistheprizewiththemostwomenwinners

Stopped

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Ithasbeensuspendedfor19years(1914-1916,1918,1923,1924,1928,1932,1939-1943,1948,1955—1956,1966—1967and1972)

Delay

11-yeardelayforawarding(1912,1919,1925,1929,1933,1935,1944,1952,1954,1960,1962,1976)

Refusetoaccepttheaward

VietnamesepoliticianLeDucTho(1973)wastheonlyonewhorejectedtheNobelPeacePrize

Alreadyarrestedduringawardpresentation

CarlvonOsitsky(Germany),AungSanSuuKyi(Myanmar)

Posthumouslyawardedafterdeath

DagHammarskjöld(diedinaplanecrashin1961)

Nominationrecord

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AccordingtotheofficialwebsiteoftheNobelPrizein2020,politiciansandnationalleaderswerenominatedbutnotawardedtheNobelPeacePrize:

Countryorregion

Name

UnitedStates

WilliamHowardTaft;WaughLenGammelilHarding;HerbertClarkHoover;FranklinRoosevelt;HarryS.Truman;CharlesEvansHughes;JohnFosterDulles;DwightDavidEisenhower

UnitedKingdom

Arthur·NevilleChamberlain;RobertAnthonyAiden;ClementRichardAttlee;RamseyMcDonald;WinstonChurchill

Germany

ConradArdenNa(WestGermany);AdolfHitler(NaziGermany,1939)

FormerSovietUnion

JosephVissarionovichStalin

Czechoslovakia

ThomasMasaryk;EdwardBenays

France

PierreMendesFrance

Argentina

EvitaVeron

India

MohandasKaramchandGandhi(Nominated5times);JawaharlalNehru

Finland

Basikiwi

Italy

BenitoMussolini

AccordingtotheofficialwebsiteoftheNobelPrizein2020,theartistwasnominatedbutnotawardedtheNobelPeacePrize:

ErichMariaRemark(Germanwriter)

PabloCasals(Spanishcelloplayer)

NicholasLoric(Russianpainter)

LevNikolaevichTolstoy(Russianwriter)

AccordingtotheofficialwebsiteoftheNobelPrizein2020,thenomineesaremainlynotknownforpeacefulwork:

JohnMaynardKeynes(BritishEconomist)

RobertBettenborough(BritishArmyLieutenantGeneral,Writer,WorldBoyScoutMovementOrganizationFounder)

PierredeCoubertin(Frenchhistorianandeducator,toestablishtheinternationalWell-knownfortheOlympicCommittee)

MariaMontessori(famousforherphilosophyandmethodsofearlychildhoodeducation,hereducationalmethodsIthasbeenusedinpublicorprivateschoolsallovertheworld)

AccordingtotheofficialwebsiteoftheNobelPrizein2020,theroyalnominees:

TsarNicholasII(1901)

PrinceKarlofSweden(1919)

KingAlbertIofBelgium(1922)

EthiopianEmperorHaileSelassieI(1938)

KingPaulIofGreece(1950)

QueenoftheNetherlandsWilhelmina(1951)

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AccordingtotheofficialwebsiteoftheNobelPrizein2020,thenominationstatisticsareasfollows:

Themostnominations

From1916to1931,JaneAdamsfinallywontheNobelPeacePrizeWasnominatedfortheNobelPeacePrize91timesbefore

Thenumberofnominationsistheleast

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EmilyBalch,FrijofNansen,TheodoreRooseveltwontheNobelPeacePrizewhentheywerefirstnominated

Referencesource:

NobelPrizecandidatesfor2021:

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Russia

VladimirVladimirovichPutin

AwardCeremony

TheNobelPeacePrizeAwardCeremonytakesplaceonDecember10theachyear,theanniversaryofNobel’sdeath,inOsloIssued.Everyawardceremonyisheldintheafternoon.ThisisbecauseNobeldiedat4:30pmonDecember10,1896.Whenthefirstawardwaspresentedin1901,peoplechosetoholdtheceremonyatthemomentofNobel’sdeath.Amethodofspecialsignificancehasbeenfolloweddown.Attheceremony,theKingofNorwaywillpersonallyawardtheawardtothewinners.

TheNobelPeacePrizeisawardedinOslo,Norway,notStockholm,Sweden.ItistheonlyNobelPrizethatisnotawardedinStockholm.

CulturalTradition

PurposeofEstablishment

TheNobelPeacePrizeisoneofthefiveNobelPrizesestablishedinaccordancewithNobel’s1895will.Itaimstocommendpeoplewhohavedonetheirbestormadethegreatestcontributiontothepromotionofnationalunityandfriendship,theabolitionorreductionofarmaments,andtheorganizationandpublicityofthepeaceconference.

MedalCertificate

  • Medals

NobelPeacePrizeThefrontofthemedalhastheleftportraitofAlfredNobel,butthedesignisslightlydifferentfromtheNobelPrizeinPhysics,Chemistry,PhysiologyorMedicine,andLiterature.Onthebackofthemedalisathree-memberbrother,engravedonit:Propaceetfraternitategentium(translatedas:forthepeaceandfriendshipofmankind),theedgeofthemedalisengravedwiththeyearoftheawardandthenameofthewinner.TheNobelPeaceMedalwasdesignedbyGustavVigeland.Since2012,theNobelMedalhasbeenmanufacturedbyDetNorskeMyntverketinKongsberg,Norway.

SocialEvaluation

TheNobelPeacePrizeisgenerallyregardedasthehighesthonorthatcanbeachievedinthefieldofpeace.(TheNobelPrizeiswidelyconsideredtheworld'smostprestigiousaward.Itisawardedforachievementsinphysics,chemistry,physiologyormedicine,literature,peaceandeconomics.)

"ThecommitteeisignoringNobel,accordingtotheirIhavechosenapeaceprizebasedonmyownideas.Thisisamoralfailure."(CommentbyFredrikHeffermehl,authorof"TheNobelPeacePrize,WhatDoestheNobelReallyWant")

Socialcontroversy

In2006,GailLundstad,DeanoftheNorwegianNobelAcademy,said:"Inthe106-yearhistoryoftheNobelPrize,thereisnodoubtthatthebiggestmistakeTheNobelPeacePrizewasawardedto(MahatmaofIndia)Gandhi."GandhihasenteredthefinallistofcandidatesfortheNobelPeacePrizefivetimes,includingtwicebeforeWorldWarIIandthreeconsecutivetimesin1946,1947and1948.

In2007,formerUSVicePresidentAlGorewontheNobelPeacePrizeforincreasingawarenessofglobalclimatechange.CriticsclaimthatAlGoreisnotascientistanddoesnotevenunderstandclimatechangeissuesatall.

In2009,theonlineeditionofTheWashingtonPoststated,“Forpeoplewhowerealmostunknownbefore,(tobeawardedtheNobelPeacePrize)isreallyincrediblenews.AndthinkObamahasnotbeenpresidentforalongtime,buthewasawardedthisaward.ThismovecanalsobeinterpretedasasatireandaccusationagainstformerUSPresidentGeorgeW.Bush.March21,2011,LiberalDemocraticPartyofRussiaChairmanVladimirWolfovichZhirinovskycalledforthecancellationofBarackObama’sNobelPeacePrize.

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