Domov technika Mechanical mouse

Mechanical mouse



Classification

The mice on the market are divided into two categories according to the principle:

One is mechanical mouse; the other is optical mouse . There is a wireless mouse.

The identification of a mechanical mouse is very simple. Turn the mouse over. If there is a small ball under it, it is a mechanical mouse.

When the mechanical mouse moves on the desktop, the ball rubs against the desktop and rotates, causing the cursor on the screen to move with the movement of the mouse. The mechanical mouse on the market has begun to be eliminated. It is difficult to find.

The other kind is the optical mouse, which can be seen everywhere in the market.

The optical mouse mainly operates through three functional modules.

The first is the image acquisition system (IAS)

The second is the digital signal processing system (DSP)

The third is the serial peripheral interface (SPI) )

IAS acquires images through the lens. These images are further processed by the DSP to determine the direction and distance of movement. The DSP generates a set of relative displacement values ​​in the vertical and horizontal directions. SPI allows two-way communication between the mouse processor and the optical sensor. Resolution and refresh rate are two key indicators to measure the technical performance of an optical mouse. They respectively reflect the capturing ability of the optical mouse at the time and space levels. The interaction of these two abilities combined with the contribution of the optical system determines the actual performance of the optical mouse.

Finally is the more and more popular wireless mouse.

Wireless mice can be classified into 27Mhz, 2.4G and Bluetooth wireless mice.

The most people use wireless 2.4G. With the popularity of notebooks and netbooks, Bluetooth mice are slowly appearing on the market. The wireless mouse is completely free from the shackles of long lines. It is more convenient to carry.

Working principle

When the mouse is dragged, the rolling ball is driven to rotate, and the rolling ball drives the roller to rotate. The photoelectric pulse signal generated by the grating signal sensor installed at the end of the roller Reflects the displacement changes of the mouse in the vertical and horizontal directions, and then controls the movement of the cursor arrow on the screen through the processing and conversion of the computer program. Its bottom does not have sheet-shaped round wheels that are perpendicular to each other, but instead uses a colloidal ball that can roll in four directions. When the ball rolls, it will drive a pair of rotating shafts (X-axis and Y-axis respectively). At the end of the rotating shaft, there is a circular decoding wheel. The decoding wheel is attached with a metal conductive sheet that directly contacts with the electric brush. . When the shaft rotates, these metal conductive sheets and the brushes will come into contact with each other in turn, and there will be two forms of "on" or "off". The former corresponds to the binary number "1" and the latter corresponds to the binary number "0". Next, these binary signals are sent to the dedicated chip inside the mouse for analysis and processing and generate corresponding coordinate change signals. As long as the mouse moves on the plane, the small ball will drive the shaft to rotate, which will change the on-off condition of the decoding wheel, and produce a set of different coordinate offsets, which are reflected on the screen, that is, the cursor can follow the mouse Move and move.

Development History

On December 9, 1968, the world’s first mouse was born at Stanford University in the United States. Its inventor is Dr. Douglas Englebart. The purpose of this mouse is to replace the cumbersome instructions of the keyboard with a mouse, thus making the operation of the computer easier. The shape of this mouse is a small wooden box, and its working principle is that the small ball at its bottom drives the pivot, and then drives the rheostat to change the resistance to generate a displacement signal and transmit the signal to the host.

In 1981, the first commercial mouse was born

In 1983, Logitech invented the first optical-mechanical mouse, which is what we call a mechanical mouse. This kind of mouse structure has become the de facto industry standard

In the early 1980s, the first generation of optical mice appeared. This type of optical mice has higher accuracy than mechanical mice. But it must work on a special optical mouse board printed with a fine grid. The high cost of this kind of mouse limited its scope of use

In 1999, Agilent (Aeilent, later reorganized as Avago) released the IntelliEye optical engine, and then there was no need for a dedicated optical engine on the market. The optical mouse of the mouse board, the popularization of the optical mouse began.

In 2003, Logitech and Microsoft respectively launched Bluetooth mice with Bluetooth micro-communication protocol

In 2005, Logitech and Avago cooperated to launch the first laser mouse (wireless, Charging, Logitech MX1000)

In 2006, the first wired laser mouse to overcome the glass barrier came out (DEXIN, ML45)

In 2006, the Bluetooth laser mouse came out (Acrox)

Since the launch of Apple’s Macintosh series PCs, the mouse has become popular on the market as an indispensable standard configuration. The first mice were mechanical mice, using a 9-pin serial port to communicate with the computer.

Shopping

Many friends almost only consider internationally renowned brands when choosing a mouse, and some friends only value the price when choosing a mouse. But what should be done for beginners and entry-level DIYers. The following editor analyzes the purchase considerations from the actual conditions of the two mice that have been used for more than one year.

Mouse classification

Mice on the market are divided into two categories according to the principle:

One is mechanical mouse; the other is optical Mouse.

The identification of a mechanical mouse is very simple. Turn the mouse over. If there is a small ball under it, it is a mechanical mouse.

When the mechanical mouse moves on the desktop, the ball rubs against the desktop and rotates, causing the cursor on the screen to move with the movement of the mouse. With the development of technology, mechanical mice on the market have begun to be eliminated. It is difficult to find.

The other kind is the optical mouse, which can be seen everywhere in the market.

The optical mouse mainly operates through three functional modules.

The first is the image acquisition system (IAS)

The second is the digital signal processing system (DSP)

The third is the serial peripheral interface (SPI) )

IAS acquires images through the lens. These images are further processed by the DSP to determine the direction and distance of movement. The DSP generates a set of relative displacement values ​​in the vertical and horizontal directions. SPI allows two-way communication between the mouse processor and the optical sensor. Resolution and refresh rate are two key indicators to measure the technical performance of an optical mouse. They respectively reflect the capturing ability of the optical mouse at the time and space levels. The interaction of these two abilities combined with the contribution of the optical system determines the actual performance of the optical mouse.

Finally is the more and more popular wireless mouse.

Wireless mice can be classified into 27Mhz, 2.4G and Bluetooth wireless mice.

The most people use wireless 2.4G. With the popularity of notebooks and netbooks, Bluetooth mice are slowly appearing on the market. The wireless mouse is completely free from the shackles of long lines. It is more convenient to carry.

Function

Students who often surf the Internet, or read and write e-books, choose a mouse with a scroll wheel function. For students who often use CAD design, 3D image processing, etc., it is best to choose a professional optical mouse or a multi-button mouse with a scroll wheel that can define macro commands. This advanced mouse can bring high efficiency of operation. If there are many things on the workbench, you can choose a wireless mouse. With the development of technology, the price of wireless mouse is becoming cheaper. For ordinary home users, the brand and resolution requirements may not be too high, which can meet the daily work needs; the price of this type of mouse is generally about 30 to 100 yuan. It is recommended that friends in this part do not blindly pursue more functions, Highly priced products.

Color

The main basis for distinguishing fashion and classic here is the shell color. Some mice will become a little yellow after more than a year of use, and some parts of the mouse will fade. Of course, there are a few mice on the market that do not fade or do not change color, but the price is slightly higher. Therefore, everyone should pay attention to the "consequences" when choosing.

Connecting line

Generally speaking, the thicker the connecting line, the longer the life of the mouse. The reverse is also true. The actual situation is also the same: the mouse with a thicker connection line above is still very normal after a long time of use; while the mouse with a thinner connection line often "loses" the mouse after a long period of use (the connection line is broken). But this is not absolute. You may know that the cables of professional headphones, speakers and other products can be replaced at will, and the prices of some brand cables are ridiculously high, and the quality is relatively good (soft and not easy to lose flexibility). Therefore, it is recommended that when choosing a mouse, try to choose a relatively thicker and softer model.

Of course, in addition to the above three points, there are many purchase considerations that need to be paid attention to-the feel of the buttons, the number of buttons, functions, whether they are ergonomic, resolution, refresh rate, and so on.

Interface type

There are three types of interfaces commonly used by mice: PS/2 interface and USB interface. The PS/2 interface type mouse has two advantages: The first is to avoid the mouse from occupying the serial port (generally older printers and scanners use the serial interface); the second is to avoid the occurrence of mouse and sound card, network card and other equipment The interrupt request number (IRQ) conflicts with the interrupt address, causing the mouse to not work normally.

For a mouse with a USB interface, there are only two USB interfaces provided on the motherboard. If a scanner with a USB interface is already used, the interface will not be enough when a camera is added in the future. Of course, It is more suitable for notebook users to choose wireless or Bluetooth mouse. After all, wireless mice are also much more convenient to carry, and notebooks basically come with Bluetooth function, so Bluetooth mice can save you a USB interface, and the price of Bluetooth mice is getting cheaper. Generally, the cheapest Bluetooth mouse on the market is about 100 yuan.

Resolution

Resolution (that is, DPI, full name: Dots Per Inch), refers to the number of dots per inch that can be recognized by the decoding device in the mouse. High resolution means The cursor moves more accurately and moves faster on the screen of the monitor. Resolution is a measure of the accuracy of mouse movement. Mechanical mice generally have 100, 200, 300 DPI; optical mice exceed 400DPI and have reached the mainstream 800DPI. For mice, the higher the resolution, the higher the accuracy. Therefore, the general game Players usually choose high-resolution mice.

Comfort

If you use the computer frequently, the feel of the mouse becomes very important. If the mouse has a design flaw, the fingers will feel stiff and difficult to stretch freely when the mouse is used for a long time. The wrist joints are often fatigued. If things go on like this, it will damage the joints and muscles of the hand.

A good mouse should have an ergonomically designed shape, feel comfortable and considerate when held, and the buttons are relaxed and flexible. Generally, to measure the feel of a mouse, trial is the best way: it feels relaxed, comfortable and fits the palm surface when holding it, the buttons are relaxed and flexible, and the movement is smooth. The ergonomics of the Microsoft mouse has always been the leading position in the world. Friends who like ergonomics can refer to the Microsoft mouse.

After-sales service

The last detail is the most easily overlooked by many users when buying a mouse. This is the after-sales service of the mouse. Good manufacturers should provide a warranty of more than one year. The service can seriously reply to various questions raised by users, can solve the technical problems raised by users, and ensure that users can return and exchange conveniently. For example, some mouse manufacturers guarantee more than 3 million keystrokes and more than 300 kilometers of movement distance, and provide one to three years of quality assurance, free of charge at any time; while the general mouse manufacturer only has a three-month warranty.

Troubleshooting

The failure analysis and maintenance of mechanical mice are relatively simple. Most of the failures are poor interface or button contact, disconnection, and dirty mechanical positioning system. A small number of faults are the false soldering of the internal components or circuits of the mouse, which mainly exists in some inferior products, especially the light-emitting diodes and IC circuits are damaged.

Cannot find the mouse

(1) The mouse is completely damaged and needs to be replaced with a new one.

(2) There is a bad connection between the serial port or PS/2 port connected to the host. After carefully connecting the line, restart it.

(3) The serial port or PS/2 port on the motherboard is damaged. This is rare. (No hot plugging without power usually does not cause this problem). If this is the case, you have to go Replace a motherboard, use the serial port on the hyper-change card, or find someone to repair it.

(4) The mouse circuit is in poor contact, which is the most common situation. Poor contacts are mostly at the connections between the wires inside the mouse and the circuit board. As long as the fault is not at the PS/2 connector, it is generally not difficult to repair. It is usually due to the short circuit or the more complicated that the mouse wire is pulled hard. The solution is to turn on the mouse and then use an electric soldering iron to solder the solder joints. Another situation is that the internal contact of the mouse cable is poor, which is caused by aging due to a long time. This type of fault is usually difficult to find. Replacing the mouse cable or replacing the mouse is the fastest solution.

Movement failure

The flexibility of the mouse is reduced, and the mouse pointer is not as arbitrary as before, but is slow in response, inaccurate positioning, or simply unable to move. This situation is mainly due to excessive dirt accumulated on the mechanical positioning roller in the mouse, which leads to transmission failure and inflexible scrolling. The focus of maintenance is on the transmission mechanism of the X-axis and Y-axis inside the mouse. The solution is to open the rubber ball lock plate, remove the mouse rolling ball, clean the rubber ball with a clean cloth dipped in neutral detergent, and rub the rubbing shaft with alcohol. It is best to put a few drops of sewing machine oil on the shaft center, but be careful not to flow onto the friction surface and the code disc grid seam. After all the dirt is removed, the flexibility of the mouse is restored. In addition to the above reasons, it is also possible that the sliding pad under the mouse is worn. In this case, you can buy a new one to replace it.

Key failure

(1) The mouse button does not work. This may be because the mouse button is too far away from the micro switch on the circuit board or the click switch is used for a period of time. Rebound ability declines. Disassemble the mouse and glue a moderately thick plastic sheet under the mouse buttons. The thickness should be determined according to actual needs, and it can be used after processing.

(2) The mouse button cannot bounce up normally, which may be caused by the break of the bowl-shaped contact piece in the micro switch under the button, especially the plastic reed is easy to break after long-term use. If it is a three-button mouse, you can remove the middle button for emergency. If it is a good-quality original brand-name mouse, you can weld it, disassemble the micro switch, carefully clean the electric shock, and put some grease on it and install it before use.

Pointer wandering failure

When the mechanical mouse is working normally, the movement of the mouse is converted to the rotation of the horizontal and vertical grid wheels in different directions and speeds. When the grid wheel rotates, the gear teeth of the grid wheel periodically shield the infrared light emitted by the infrared light-emitting tube from irradiating the A tube and the B tube in the receiving assembly, so that the A and B output terminals output electrical pulses to the control chip in the mouse. Since the two tubes A and B in the infrared receiving assembly are arranged vertically, the moving direction of the part of the grid wheel teeth sandwiched between the infrared transmitting and receiving is up and down, and the angle between the A and B receiving tube and the infrared emitting tube is not zero, so the A and B tube output The electrical pulse has a phase difference. The control chip in the mouse judges the rotation direction of the horizontal or vertical grid wheel through this pulse phase difference, and judges the rotation speed of the grid wheel through the frequency of this pulse, and continuously transmits the mouse movement information to the host through the data line, and the host uses the processing to make the screen The cursor on the mouse moves synchronously with the mouse.

In windows system, when the computer starts, the mouse is initialized through the interface. If one of the mouse cables is broken, the host will give a message that the mouse is not installed, please shut down and install the mouse. If the mouse connector is unplugged or the mouse cable is in poor contact during use, the mouse system will be paralyzed.

Knowing the basic working principle of the mouse, let’s discuss the reasons why the mouse pointer moves automatically.

The phenomenon of pointer movement failure: occasionally the mouse does not move, and the mouse pointer on the screen moves at a constant speed in the horizontal or vertical direction but at a faster speed.

After anti-virus and reinstalling the system software, after replacing the mouse, it is proved that the system and the host are normal. At this time, the reason why the mouse pointer moves is as follows: The movement of the pointer indicates that the mouse sends the mouse movement information to the host through the serial data line, but the mouse does not move at this time, how can the mouse chip send movement data? The reason is that the relative position of the infrared transmitter tube, the grating wheel teeth and the infrared receiving component in the mouse is improper, and the power supply voltage sent by the host through the interface is not well matched with the mouse. Imagine that at a certain moment a certain grid wheel in the mouse just stops at the position where the two tubes A and B in the receiving assembly produce the same voltage, and this voltage happens to be the threshold voltage for the mouse chip to identify bright and dark signals, that is, this voltage has It may be recognized as bright by the mouse chip, or it may be recognized as dark. If the mouse chip recognizes the output of tube A as a bright signal, and the output of tube B is a dark signal, the mouse processes the signal accordingly, and the processing of the chip will cause the output voltage of the receiving tube A and B in the receiving assembly and the mouse chip to be bright and dark. Identify small changes in the threshold. Because the mouse chip is also a clock-driven digital circuit, it also has a clock cycle for signal recognition. When the next recognition cycle comes, the discrimination result will be that A is dark and B is bright. So far, the recognition results of the two recognition cycles of the mouse chip are different, so the chip obtains the information of the rotation of the grid wheel. This process loops, and the pointer moves quickly and uniformly in one direction to the edge of the screen.

The key point of this failure is that the power supply voltage sent by the host to the mouse makes the infrared light emitted by a certain infrared emitter tube in the mouse in the photosensitive assembly produce the optical signal voltage of the two photosensitive tubes, which are just right for the mouse chip to distinguish On the threshold point for the identification of bright and dark signals. This is very coincidental, so the mouse pointer swimming appears very random, sometimes it may not appear for a few days, and sometimes it happens frequently. This fault generally only occurs in one direction. Because the failure is also related to the power output from the host interface, it is possible that a malfunctioning mouse on one machine will work normally on another machine.

The pointer shakes slightly

When you move the mouse, the mouse pointer shakes slightly, and it cannot be synchronized with the mouse well ---- the same reason as the movement of the mouse.

Solution:

(1) Replace the mouse and brand.

(2) Adjust the relative position of the infrared emitting tube, infrared receiving component and the grid wheel in the corresponding direction of the fault

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