Domov technika Electrostatic precipitator

Electrostatic precipitator



Introduction

Electrostaticdustremovalisamethodofgasdustremoval.Thedust-containinggasiselectricallyseparatedwhenpassingthroughahigh-voltageelectrostaticfield,andafterthedustparticlescombinewithnegativeionstobenegativelycharged,theytendtodischargeanddepositonthesurfaceoftheanode.Usedinmetallurgy,chemicalandotherindustriestopurifygasorrecoverusefuldustparticles.Adustcollectionmethodthatusesanelectrostaticfieldtoionizethegassothatthedustparticlesarechargedandadsorbedontheelectrode.Inastrongelectricfield,airmoleculesareionizedintopositiveionsandelectrons.Theelectronsencounterdustparticlesintheprocessofrunningtowardthepositiveelectrode,causingthedustparticlestobenegativelychargedandadsorbedtothepositiveelectrodetobecollected.Ofcourse,throughtechnologicalinnovation,thereisalsoawaytocollectdustfromthenegativeplate.Inthepast,itwasoftenusedinfactoriesandpowerstationsthatusedcoalasfueltocollectcoalashanddustinfluegas.Inmetallurgy,itisusedtocollectoxidesoftin,zinc,lead,aluminum,etc.,andtherearealsodustremovalandsterilizationproductsthatcanbeusedinhouseholds.

Classification

Accordingtothecurrentdomesticcommonelectrostaticprecipitatortypes,itcanberoughlydividedintothefollowingcategories:Accordingtothedirectionofairflow,itcanbedividedintoverticalandhorizontaltypes,anddividedaccordingtothetypeofprecipitationpole.Theyareplatetypeandtubetype,andaredividedintodryandwettypesaccordingtothemethodofremovingdustonthesedimentationplate.

Technicalfeatures

Ordinarypurifiersusefilterpapertofilterthedustintheair,whichcaneasilyblockthefilterholes.Themoredustaccumulates,notonlyhasnosterilizationeffect,butalsoeasilycausesSub-pollution.Theelectrostaticdustremovaltechnologyhasthefollowingadvantages:

(1)Highdustremovalefficiency;

(2)Largeairvolumecanbepurified;

(3)Theparticlesizerangethatcanberemovediswide;

(4)Itcanpurifythedustyfluegaswithhighertemperature;

(5)Thestructureissimple,theairvelocityislow,andthepressurelossissmall;

(6)Energyconsumptionislowerthanothertypesofdustcollectors;

(7)Theelectricdustcollectorcanrealizemicrocomputercontrolandremoteoperation.

AdvantagesandDisadvantages

ElectrostaticPrecipitatorAdvantages

⑴Highpurificationefficiency,capableofcapturingFine-graineddustabove0.01microns.Inthedesign,differentoperatingparameterscanbeusedtomeettherequiredpurificationefficiency.

⑵Theresistancelossissmall,generallybelow20mmwatercolumn.Comparedwiththecyclonedustcollector,evenifthepowerconsumptionofthepowersupplyunitandtherappingmechanismisconsidered,thetotalpowerconsumptionisstillrelativelysmall.

⑶Theallowableoperatingtemperatureishigh.Forexample,theSHWBtypecircuitdusterisbestallowedtooperateat250℃,andothertypescanreach350~400℃orhigher.

⑷Therangeofprocessinggasislarge.

⑸Itcanfullyrealizeautomaticoperationcontrol.

Disadvantagesofelectrostaticprecipitator:

⑴Theequipmentismorecomplicated,requiringahighlevelofequipmentdeployment,installation,andmaintenancemanagement.

⑵Therearecertainrequirementsforthespecificresistanceofdust,sothereisacertaindegreeofselectivityfordust,anditisimpossibletoobtainhighpurificationefficiencyforalldust.

⑶Itisgreatlyaffectedbytheoperatingconditionsofgastemperatureandhumidity.Thesamekindofdust,suchasoperatingatdifferenttemperaturesandhumidity,willhavedifferenteffects.Somedustsareusedatacertaintemperatureandhumidity.Theeffectisverygood,andtheelectrostaticprecipitatorcanhardlybeusedduetothechangeofdustresistanceunderanothertemperatureandhumidity.

Application

Theelectrostaticprecipitatorairpurifierusesahigh-voltagedirectcurrentelectricfieldtoionizegasmoleculesintheair,generatingalargenumberofelectronsandions,whichmovetothetwopolesundertheforceoftheelectricfield.Duringtheprocess,thedustparticlesandbacteriaintheairflowarecharged,andthechargedparticlesmovetotheoppositelychargedplatesundertheactionoftheelectricfield.Undertheactionoftheelectricfield,thefreeionsintheairmovetothetwopoles,andthevoltageThehighertheelectricfieldintensity,thefastertheionmovementspeed.Duetothemovementofions,anelectriccurrentisformedbetweenthepoles.Inthebeginning,therearefewerfreeionsintheairandlesscurrent.Afterthevoltagerisestoacertainvalue,theionsnearthedischargeelectrodegainhigherenergyandspeed.Whentheyhittheneutralatomsintheair,theneutralatomswilldecomposeintopositiveandnegativeions.Thisphenomenoniscalledairionization.Aftertheairisionized,thenumberofionsmovingbetweenthepolesisgreatlyincreasedduetothechainreaction,whichismanifestedasasharpincreaseinthecurrentbetweenthepoles(calledcoronacurrent).Theairbecomesaconductor,andthehigh-strengthvoltagecapturestheattachedbacterialparticles,causinganinstantaneouselectricalshock.Throughthecellwallcomposedofprotein,itcankillbacteriaandabsorbdust.’

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