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Radio Frequency Identification Technology



Synonymradiofrequencyidentificationgenerallyreferstoradiofrequencyidentificationtechnology(scienceandtechnology)

Overview

RadioFrequencyIdentification(RadioFrequencyIdentification,RFID)isatypeofautomaticidentificationtechnology.Thewirelessradiofrequencymethodisusedfornon-contacttwo-waydatacommunication,andtherecordingmedium(electronictagorradiofrequencycard)isreadandwrittenbytheradiofrequencymethodtoachievethepurposeofidentifyingthetargetanddataexchange.Itisregardedasthemostpromisinginformationinthe21stcentury.Oneofthetechnologies.

Radiofrequencyidentificationtechnologyusesradiowavenon-contactrapidinformationexchangeandstoragetechnology,combineswirelesscommunicationwithdataaccesstechnology,andthenconnectstothedatabasesystemtoachievenon-contacttwo-waycommunication,therebyachievingidentificationThepurposeistoexchangedataandconnectanextremelycomplexsysteminseries.Intheidentificationsystem,thereadingandwritingandcommunicationofelectronictagsarerealizedthroughelectromagneticwaves.Accordingtothecommunicationdistance,itcanbedividedintonear-fieldandfar-field.Forthisreason,thedataexchangemodebetweentheread/writedeviceandtheelectronictagisalsodividedintoloadmodulationandbackscattermodulation.

Developmentprocess

1940-1950:Duetothedevelopmentandprogressofradartechnology,RFIDtechnologywasderived,andthetheoreticalbasisofRFIDwasbornin1948.

1950-1960:PeoplebegantoexploreRFIDtechnology,buttheydidnotbreakawayfromlaboratoryresearch.

1960-1970:Relatedtheoriescontinuedtodevelop,andthesystembegantobeusedinpractice.

1970-1980:RFIDtechnologywascontinuouslyupdated,productresearchgraduallydeepened,andRFIDtestingbegantoacceleratefurther.Andrealizedtheapplicationofrelatedsystems.

1980-1990:RFIDtechnologyandrelatedproductsweredevelopedandappliedinthemarket,andapplicationsinvariousfieldsappeared.

1990-2000:PeoplebegantopayattentiontothestandardizationofRFID,andRFIDsystemscanbeseeninmanyareasoflife.

After2000:Peoplegenerallyrecognizetheimportanceofstandardizationissues.ThetypesofRFIDproductshavebeenfurtherenrichedanddeveloped.Whetheractive,passiveorsemi-activeelectronictagshavebeguntodevelop,relatedproductioncostsFurtherdecline,applicationareasgraduallyincrease.

Today,thetechnicaltheoryofRFIDhasbeenfurtherenrichedanddeveloped.Peoplehavedevelopedsingle-chipelectronictags,multi-electronictagreading,wirelessreadableandwritable,andRFIDtechnologythatadaptstohigh-speedmovingobjects.Development,andrelatedproductshaveenteredourlives,andbegantobewidelyused.

Workingprinciple

ThebasicworkingprincipleofRFIDtechnologyisnotcomplicated:Afterthetagentersthereader,itreceivestheradiofrequencysignalsentbythereader,andsendsoutthestoragebyvirtueoftheenergyobtainedbytheinducedcurrent.Theproductinformationinthechip(PassiveTag,passivetagorpassivetag),orthetagactivelysendsasignalofacertainfrequency(ActiveTag,activetagoractivetag),andthereaderreadsAfterfetchinganddecodingtheinformation,itissenttothecentralinformationsystemforrelevantdataprocessing.

AcompletesetofRFIDsystemiscomposedofthreeparts:readerandelectronictag,whichistheso-calledtransponderandapplicationsoftwaresystem.Itsworkingprincipleisthereader(Reader)Emitaspecificfrequencyofradiowaveenergytodrivethecircuittosendouttheinternaldata.Atthistime,theReaderwillsequentiallyreceiveandinterpretthedata,andsendittotheapplicationforcorrespondingprocessing.

FromtheperspectiveofcommunicationandenergysensingmethodsbetweenRFIDcardreadersandelectronictags,itcanberoughlydividedintotwotypes:inductivecouplingandbackscattercoupling.Generally,low-frequencyRFIDmostlyadoptsthefirstmethod,andhigh-frequencyRFIDmostlyadoptsthesecondmethod.

Thereadercanbeareadorread/writedevicedependingonthestructureandtechnologyused,anditistheinformationcontrolandprocessingcenteroftheRFIDsystem.Thereaderusuallyconsistsofacouplingmodule,atransceivermodule,acontrolmoduleandaninterfaceunit.Thereaderandthetaggenerallyadoptahalf-duplexcommunicationmodeforinformationexchange,andthereaderprovidesenergyandtimingtothepassivetagthroughcoupling.Inpracticalapplications,managementfunctionssuchasthecollection,processingandremotetransmissionofobjectidentificationinformationcanbefurtherrealizedthroughEthernetorWLAN.

Components

ThecompleteRFIDsystemconsistsofthreeparts:areader,anelectronictag,andadatamanagementsystem.

1.Aboutthereader

Thereaderisadevicethatreadstheinformationinthetag,orwritestheinformationthatthetagneedstostoreintothetag.Dependingonthestructureandtechnologyused,thereadercanbearead/writedevice,whichistheinformationcontrolandprocessingcenteroftheRFIDsystem.WhentheRFIDsystemisworking,thereadersendsradiofrequencyenergyinanareatoformanelectromagneticfield,andthesizeoftheareadependsonthetransmitpower.Thetaginthecoverageareaof​​thereaderistriggeredtosendthedatastoredinit,ormodifythedatastoredinitaccordingtotheinstructionsofthereader,andcancommunicatewiththecomputernetworkthroughtheinterface.Thebasiccompositionofthereaderusuallyincludes:transceiverantenna,frequencygenerator,phase-lockedloop,modulationcircuit,microprocessor,memory,demodulationcircuitandperipheralinterfacecomposition.

(1)Transceiverantenna:Sendradiofrequencysignalstothetag,andreceivetheresponsesignalandtaginformationreturnedbythetag.

(2)Frequencygenerator:Generatestheoperatingfrequencyofthesystem.

(3)Phase-lockedloop:Generatetherequiredcarriersignal.

(4)Modulationcircuit:Loadthesignalsenttothetagtothecarrierwaveandsenditoutbytheradiofrequencycircuit.

(5)Microprocessor:Generatesthesignaltobesenttothelabel,decodesthesignalreturnedbythelabel,andsendsthedecodeddatabacktotheapplicationprogram.IftheencryptedsystemreturnsDecryptionoperationisrequired.

(6)Memory:Storeuserprogramsanddata.

(7)Demodulationcircuit:demodulatethesignalreturnedbythetaganddeliverittothemicroprocessorforprocessing.

(8)Peripheralinterface:tocommunicatewiththecomputer.

2.Abouttheelectronictag

Theelectronictagconsistsofatransceiverantenna,AC/DCcircuit,demodulationcircuit,logiccontrolcircuit,memoryandmodulationcircuit.

(1)Transceiverantenna:Receivethesignalfromthereaderandsendtherequireddatabacktothereader.

(2)AC/DCcircuit:Utilizetheelectromagneticfieldenergyemittedbythereaderandoutputitthroughavoltagestabilizingcircuittoprovideastablepowersupplyforothercircuits.

(3)Demodulationcircuit:Removethecarrierfromthereceivedsignalanddemodulatetheoriginalsignal.

(4)Logiccontrolcircuit:decodethesignalfromthereader,andsendbackthesignalaccordingtotherequirementsofthereader.

(5)Memory:Asalocationforsystemoperationandstorageofidentificationdata.

(6)Modulationcircuit:Thedatasentbythelogiccontrolcircuitisloadedtotheantennaandsenttothereaderafterthemodulationcircuit.

Classification

Radiofrequencyidentificationtechnologycanbedividedintothreecategoriesbasedonthepowersupplymodeofitstags,namelypassiveRFID,activeRFID,andsemi-activeRFID.

1.PassiveRFID.

AmongthethreetypesofRFIDproducts,passiveRFIDappearstheearliest,themostmature,anditsapplicationisalsothemostextensive.InpassiveRFID,theelectronictagcompletestheinformationexchangebyreceivingthemicrowavesignaltransmittedfromtheradiofrequencyidentificationreaderandobtainingenergythroughtheelectromagneticinductioncoiltopoweritselfforashorttime.Becausethepowersupplysystemisomitted,thevolumeofthepassiveRFIDproductcanreachtheorderofcentimetersorevensmaller,anditsownstructureissimple,thecostislow,thefailurerateislow,andtheservicelifeislong.Butasaprice,theeffectiverecognitiondistanceofpassiveRFIDisusuallyshort,anditisgenerallyusedforclose-rangecontactrecognition.PassiveRFIDmainlyworksinthelowerfrequencyband125KHz,13.56MKHz,etc.Itstypicalapplicationsinclude:buscards,second-generationIDcards,canteenmealcards,etc.

2.ActiveRFID.

ActiveRFIDhasnotbeenaroundforalongtime,butithasplayedanindispensableroleinvariousfields,especiallyintheelectronictollcollectionsystemofhighways.ActiveRFIDispoweredbyanexternalpowersourceandactivelysendssignalstotheradiofrequencyidentificationreader.Itsvolumeisrelativelylarge.Butitalsohasalongertransmissiondistanceandhighertransmissionspeed.AtypicalactiveRFIDtagcanestablishcontactwitharadiofrequencyidentificationreaderfromahundredmetersaway,andthereadratecanreach1,700read/sec.ActiveRFIDmainlyworksinhigherfrequencybandssuchas900MHz,2.45GHz,5.8GHz,andhasthefunctionofidentifyingmultipletagsatthesametime.Thelong-distanceandhigh-efficiencyofactiveRFIDmakeitindispensableinsomeradiofrequencyidentificationapplicationsthatrequirehighperformanceandalargerange.

3.Semi-activeRFID.

PassiveRFIDitselfdoesnotsupplypower,buttheeffectiveidentificationdistanceistooshort.ActiveRFIDhasalongenoughrecognitiondistance,butrequiresanexternalpowersourceandisrelativelylarge.Thesemi-activeRFIDistheproductofcompromiseforthiscontradiction.Semi-activeRFIDisalsocalledlow-frequencyactivationtriggertechnology.Undernormalcircumstances,semi-activeRFIDproductsareinadormantstateandonlysupplypowertothepartofthetagthatholdsthedata,sothepowerconsumptionissmallandcanbemaintainedforalongtime.WhenthetagenterstherecognitionrangeoftheRFIDreader,thereaderfirstactivatesthetaginasmallrangewitha125KHzlow-frequencysignaltomakeitentertheworkingstate,andthentransmitsinformationtoitthrough2.4GHzmicrowave.Inotherwords,firstuselow-frequencysignalsforprecisepositioning,andthenusehigh-frequencysignalstoquicklytransmitdata.Itsgeneralapplicationscenariois:inalargerangecoveredbyahigh-frequencysignal,multiplelow-frequencyreadersareplacedindifferentlocationstoactivatesemi-activeRFIDproducts.Thisnotonlycompletesthepositioning,butalsorealizesthecollectionandtransmissionofinformation.

Features

Generallyspeaking,radiofrequencyidentificationtechnologyhasthefollowingcharacteristics:

1.Applicability:RFIDtechnologyreliesonelectromagneticwavesanddoesnotrequirephysicalconnectionbetweenthetwoparties.touch.Thisenablesittoestablishaconnectionregardlessofdust,fog,plastic,paper,wood,andvariousobstacles,andcompletecommunicationdirectly.

2.Highefficiency:ThereadandwritespeedoftheRFIDsystemisextremelyfast,andatypicalRFIDtransmissionprocessisusuallylessthan100milliseconds.Thehigh-frequencyRFIDreadercanevenidentifyandreadthecontentsofmultipletagsatthesametime,whichgreatlyimprovestheefficiencyofinformationtransmission.

3.Uniqueness:EachRFIDtagisunique.Throughtheone-to-onecorrespondencebetweentheRFIDtagandtheproduct,thesubsequentcirculationofeachproductcanbeclearlytracked.

4.Simplicity:RFIDtagshavesimplestructure,highrecognitionrate,andsimplereadingequipment.EspeciallywiththegradualpopularityofNFCtechnologyonsmartphones,eachuser'smobilephonewillbecomethesimplestRFIDreader.

AdvantagesandDisadvantages

Advantages

Radiofrequencyidentificationtechnologycanbewidelyusedinmanyindustriesandfields,anditmusthaveits"excellent".

Intermsofitsexternalmanifestations,thecarrierofradiofrequencyidentificationtechnologyisgenerallywaterproof,antimagnetic,andhightemperatureresistanttoensurethattheradiofrequencyidentificationtechnologyisstableinapplication.Intermsofitsuse,RFIDhasadvantagesinreal-timeupdatingofdata,storageofinformation,servicelife,workefficiency,andsafety.Radiofrequencyidentificationcanupdateexistingdatamoreconvenientlyunderthepremiseofreducinghuman,materialandfinancialresources,makingworkmoreconvenient;radiofrequencyidentificationtechnologystoresinformationbasedoncomputers,etc.,uptoseveralmegabytes,andcanstorealargeamountofinformation,Toensurethesmoothprogressofwork;radiofrequencyidentificationtechnologyhasalongservicelife,aslongasthestaffpayattentiontoprotectionwhenusingit,itcanbereused;radiofrequencyidentificationtechnologyhaschangedtheinconvenienceofinformationprocessinginthepast,andachievedmultiplegoalsatthesametime.Identificationgreatlyimprovesworkefficiency;andradiofrequencyidentificationisalsoequippedwithpasswordprotection,whichisnoteasytobeforgedandhashighsecurity.Thetechnologysimilartoradiofrequencyidentificationtechnologyistraditionalbarcodetechnology.Traditionalbarcodetechnologyisinferiortoradiofrequencyidentificationtechnologyintermsofupdatinginformation,storinginformation,servicelife,workefficiency,andsafety,andcannotadaptwelltoourcountry.Thecurrentneedsofsocialdevelopmentarealsodifficulttomeettheneedsofindustriesandrelatedfields.

Disadvantages

(1)Insufficienttechnologicalmaturity.RFIDtechnologyhasappearedforashorttimeandisnotverymatureintechnology.Duetotheretro-reflectivecharacteristicsofUHFRFIDelectronictags,itisdifficulttoapplythemtocommoditiessuchasmetalsandliquids.

(2)Highcost.Comparedwithordinarybarcodelabels,thepriceofRFIDelectronictagsishigher,whichisdozensoftimesthatofordinarybarcodelabels.Iftheyareusedinlargequantities,thecostwillbetoohigh,whichgreatlyreducestheenthusiasmofthemarkettouseRFIDtechnology.

(3)Thesecurityisnotstrongenough.ThesecurityproblemfacedbyRFIDtechnologyismainlymanifestedintheillegalreadingandmalicioustamperingofRFIDelectronictaginformation.

(4)Technicalstandardsarenotuniform.

Applicationfields

1.Logistics

LogisticswarehousingisoneofthemostpotentialapplicationfieldsofRFID.InternationallogisticsgiantssuchasUPS,DHLandFedexareallinActivelyexperimentwithRFIDtechnologyinordertoimproveitslogisticscapabilitiesonalargescaleinthefuture.Applicableprocessesinclude:cargotrackinginthelogisticsprocess,automaticinformationcollection,warehousingmanagementapplications,portapplications,postalparcels,expressdelivery,etc.

2.Transportation

Therehavebeenmanysuccessfulcasesintaximanagement,busterminalmanagement,railwaylocomotiveidentification,etc.

3.Identification

RFIDtechnologyiswidelyusedinpersonalidentificationdocumentsbecauseofitsfastreadinganddifficulttoforge.Suchasthedevelopmentoftheelectronicpassportproject,mycountry'ssecond-generationIDcard,studentcardandothervariouselectronicdocuments.

4.Anti-counterfeiting

RFIDhasthecharacteristicsofbeingdifficulttocounterfeit,buthowtoapplyittoanti-counterfeitingstillrequiresactivepromotionbythegovernmentandenterprises.Theapplicablefieldsincludetheanti-counterfeitingofvaluables(tobacco,alcohol,medicine)andtheanti-counterfeitingoftickets.

5.Assetmanagement

Itcanbeappliedtothemanagementofvariousassets,includingvaluables,itemswithlargequantitiesandhighsimilarity,ordangerousgoods.Asthepriceoftagsdecreases,RFIDcanmanagealmostallitems.

6.Food

Itcanbeappliedtothemanagementoffruits,vegetables,freshfood,andfood.Theapplicationinthisfieldrequiresinnovationinlabeldesignandapplicationmode.

7.Informationstatistics

Withtheuseofradiofrequencyidentificationtechnology,informationstatisticshasbecomeasimpleandfasttask.Thequerysoftwareofthearchivesinformationmanagementplatformsendsoutthestatisticalinventorysignal,andthereaderquicklyreadsthedatainformationandrelatedstorageinformationofthearchives,andintelligentlyreturnstheacquiredinformationandtheinformationinthecentralinformationdatabaseforproofreading.Forexample,forfilesthatcannotbematched,themanagerwillusethereadertocarryouton-siteverification,adjustthesysteminformationandon-siteinformation,andthencompletetheinformationstatisticswork.

8.Referenceapplication

Whenqueryingfileinformation,thefilemanagerusesthequerymanagementplatformtofindthefilenumber,andthesystemreadsthedatainthecentralinformationdatabaseaccordingtothefilenumber.Afterverification,thefileexitsignalissentout,andthefileintelligentidentificationfunctionmoduleofthestoragelocationmanagementplatformwillcombinethefilenumbertocorrespondtotherelevantstoragelocationnumbertofindoutthespecificlocationofthefile.Afterthemanagersendsoutthefileout-of-warehousesignal,theindicatorlightonthestoragelocationwilllightupimmediately.Whenthedataisoutofthelibrary,theRFIDreaderwillfeedbacktheacquiredinformationtothemanagementplatform,andthemanagerwillverifyitagain,checkthattheoutgoingfilesandthecheckedfilesarethesame,andthengooutofthelibrary.Moreover,thesystemwillrecordthetimewhentheinformationisoutofthelibrary.Ifthefeedbackfiledoesnotmatchthequeryfile,thealarmmoduleinthesecuritymanagementplatformwilltransmitanabnormalwarning.

9.Securitycontrol

Thesecuritycontrolsystemcanrealizethefunctionsoftimelymonitoringandabnormalalarmofthearchives,soastoavoidthedestructionandtheftofarchives.Whenarchivesareborrowedandreturned,especiallyphysicalarchives,theyareoftenusedforexhibitions,evaluationandinspection,etc.Themanagercarefullychecksthereturnedarchivesandverifieswiththeinformationbeforethearchivesarelent,andcanfindoutwhetherthearchivesaredamagedormissingintime..

Developmenttrend

1.Radiofrequencyidentificationtagtrend

Withtheformulationofstandards,thewiderangeofapplicationfields,theincreaseinthenumberofapplications,andthecontinuousimprovementoftechnology,Therapidadvancementoftechnology(forexample,inthecaseofbooks,usingconductiveinkonthecoverorcopyrightpagetodirectlyprinttheradiofrequencyidentificationantenna),thecostwillbelower;secondly,theidentificationdistanceislonger,evenpassiveradiofrequencyidentificationtagscanreachSeveraltensofmeters;thevolumewillalsobesmaller.

2.Highfrequency

Comparedwithlowfrequencysystem,UHFradiofrequencyidentificationsystemhastheadvantagesoflongidentificationdistance,fasterdataexchangespeed,higherforgerydifficulty,Theanti-interferenceabilityisstronger,thevolumeissmallandexquisite,andwiththereductionofmanufacturingcostandthefurtherimprovementofhighfrequencytechnology,theapplicationofUHFsystemwillbemoreextensive.

3.Networking

Someapplicationsrequireunifiedprocessingofdatacollectedbydifferentsystems(ormultiplereaders),andthenprovidethemtousers.Forexample,weusetwoTakingthetrainticketattheautomaticticketcollectionmachineonbehalfoftheIDcard,whichrequiresthenetworkedmanagementoftheradiofrequencyidentificationsystemtorealizetheremotecontrolandmanagementofthesystem.

4.Multifunctionalization

Withthecontinuousimprovementandpopularizationofmobilecomputingtechnology,thedevelopmenttrendofRFIDreaderdesignandmanufacturingStandards,anddeveloptowardsmodularization,miniaturization,portable,andembedded;atthesametime,multi-readercoordinationandnetworkingtechnologywillbecomeoneofthefuturedevelopmentdirections.

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