Home teknologiaa plastic

plastic



Developmentprocess

Plasticsarewidelyusedandareindispensablecomponentsinhomeappliances,automobiles,mobilephones,PCs,medicalequipment,andlightingappliances.Asmycountry'seconomyhasachievedsustainedandstablegrowth,homeappliances,automobiles,mobilephones,PCs,medicalequipmentandotherindustrieshavebenefitedfromagoodexternalenvironmentandhaveachievedrapiddevelopment.Thedevelopmentofdownstreamindustrieshasfurtherstimulatedthedemandforplastics.In2010,therewere2286companiesinChina'splasticpartsmanufacturingindustry,ayear-on-yearincreaseof24.54%;salesrevenuereached106.125billionyuan,ayear-on-yearincreaseof26.38%.

DuringtheTwelfthFive-YearPlanperiod,mycountry'sdownstreamindustriessuchasautomobiles,homeappliances,consumerelectronics,andmedicaldeviceswillcontinuetomaintainrapiddevelopment.Thedemandforplasticpartsintheseindustrieswillcontinuetoexpand,andthedemandwillalsobehigh-end,Precisiontrend.Itisestimatedthatduringthe12thFive-YearPlanperiod,thesalesscaleofChina'splasticpartsmanufacturingindustrywillreach170billionyuan.AccordingtoasurveybyCIC,China’splasticpartsmanufacturingindustry’stechnologicalinnovationcapabilitieshavebeenfurtherenhanced,andthenumberofcorporatetechnologyR&Dcentershascontinuedtoincrease;theindustrialstructure,corporatestructure,andproductstructurehavebeencontinuouslyadjusted,andtheindustrialintensificationhasbeengraduallyupgraded;theoveralladvantagesoftheindustryhavebeenfurtherimprovedandStrengthening,thegapwiththedevelopedcountriesintheworldisgraduallynarrowing,andsomeaspectshavereachedtheworld'sadvancedlevel,enteringacriticalperiodofsustainabledevelopmentfromalargecountrytoanadvancedpower.TheplasticpartsmanufacturingindustryinJiangsu,Zhejiang,Shanghai,Guangdongandotherplacesisbooming.Boththenumberofenterprisesandthescaleofproductionandsalesareinaleadingpositioninthecountry,andtheregionalconcentrationoftheindustryisrelativelyhigh.Atthesametime,domesticenterpriseshavealsoachievedrapiddevelopment,andthestrengthofindustry-leadingenterpriseshasfurtherstrengthened.Butatthesametime,advancedforeigncompaniesarealsooptimisticaboutthedomesticmarketandgraduallyincreasetheirinvestment.TheentryofmultinationalcompaniessuchasNapro,Hi-PInternationalGroup,AnNengliGroupandothermultinationalcompanieshasmadecompetitionintheindustrymoreintense.

Accuracytesting

Withtherapiddevelopmentoftheplasticindustryandthecontinuousimprovementofplasticperformance,plasticpartshavebeenmorewidelyused,andplasticpartsarereplacingtraditionalmetalsindifferentfields.Parts,areasonablydesignedplasticpartcanoftenreplacemultipletraditionalmetalparts,soastoachievethepurposeofsimplifyingtheproductstructureandsavingmanufacturingcosts.Therefore,inaccordancewiththerequirementsofplasticsapplicationsinthefieldofplasticsaccuracyandcombinedwithmarketanalysis,recommendedinstrumentssuitableforplastictestingincludeMUMAportableimagers,VMSseriesopticalimagemeasuringinstruments,VMLseries3Dopticalimagemeasuringinstruments,andsoon.

ChineseandEnglishpronunciation

Plasticpinyin:sujiao

PlasticcementinEnglish:plasticcement

Definition

Thedefinitionofplastic:mainlycomposedofcarbon,oxygen,hydrogen,nitrogenandotherorganicorinorganicelements.Thefinishedproductisasolid.Itisamoltenliquidduringthemanufacturingprocess,soitcanbeheatedbymachinetomeltandpressurizedtomakeitItflowsandcoolstosolidifyandformvariousshapes.Thislargeandvariedgroupofmaterialsiscalledplastic.

Plastic(English:Plastic):referstothehighmolecularweightsyntheticresinasthemaincomponent,addingappropriateadditives,suchasplasticizers,stabilizers,flameretardants,lubricants,colorants,etc.,Processedplastic(flexible)materials,orrigidmaterialsformedbycuringandcrosslinking.

Application

Plasticpartsarewidelyusedineveryfieldoflifetoday,suchashouseholdappliances,instrumentation,wiresandcables,constructionequipment,communicationelectronics,automotiveindustry,aerospace,JapanUsehardware,etc.Theapplicationofplasticissowideandtheuseissoconvenientthatithasbroughtsideeffects.Insomeareas,peoplehavetoimplement"plasticbans."

Rawmaterials

1.Themaincomponentofplasticrawmaterialsiscarbon-containingcompounds.

2.Plasticrawmaterial:Itismadeofhighmolecularsyntheticresin(polymer)asthemaincomponent,andisinfiltratedwithvariousauxiliarymaterialsoradditives.Underaspecifictemperatureandpressure,ithasplasticityandfluidityandcanbemolded.Amaterialthatismoldedintoacertainshapeandremainsunchangedundercertainconditions.

3.Polymer:referstothepurematerialorpolymerizedmaterialproducedduringthepolymerizationprocess.Bothnaturalandsyntheticresinsarehighmolecularpolymers,referredtoaspolymers.

4.Plastichasgoodinsulationagainstelectricity,heatandsound:electricalinsulation,arcresistance,heatpreservation,soundinsulation,soundabsorption,vibrationabsorption,andexcellentnoisereductionperformance.

Mostoftheplasticrawmaterialsareextractedfromsomeoils.ThemostfamiliarpartofPCmaterialsisextractedfrompetroleum.PCmaterialshaveagasolinesmellwhentheyareburned;ABSisderivedfromcoalABSissoot-likewhenitisburnedout.POMisrefinedfromnaturalgas,andPOMwillhaveaverysmellygaswhenitisburnedout.

Identificationmethod

Theidentificationmethodofplasticusuallyadoptsappearanceanduse,densitytest,softeningpointormeltingpoint,combustiontest,comprehensiveidentificationmethodtoidentify,thefollowingintroducesseveralcommonlyusedmethodsForeveryonetolearn:

Appearanceanduse

Toanalyzeanunknownpolymersample,firstlookatitbyhandandmakeapreliminaryjudgmentonitsappearance.Whichcategorydoesitbelongto.Ifpossible,understanditssourceanduseasmuchaspossible;

◎Transparencyandcolor

Crystalline→Translucent/opaque(PP,PE,Nylon,POM,PET,…)

Amorphous→Transparent(PC,PMMA,GPPS,SAN,PPO)

◎Handfeelingandmechanicalproperties

Theapproximatestrengthandtoughnessofthematerialcanbesensedbyhand,squeezed,beatenorbent.Thehardnessofthematerialcanbejudgedbyscratchingwithanail(orwiththeaidoftoolssuchasnails).ThesecanbeusedtoinitiallyidentifythematerialTheroughtype.

◎Useofplasticproducts

Itisverydifficulttoqualitativelyidentifywithoutbackgroundknowledge.However,ifthesourceofthesampleandotherbackgroundknowledgeoftheusesituationareknown,theidentificationThescopeisgreatlyreduced.

Forexample:non-brokenplasticvacuumflaskwithinnerliner

Densitytest

Iso-densitymethod(refertoASTMD1505;ISOR1183MethodD)

Thedensityofthesolidcanbemeasuredbysuspendingthesolidtobemeasuredinaliquidofknowndensity(thatis,thedensityisequal).

Thespecificgravityofthesolution

Industrialalcohol0.8sodiumchloride1.22

water1zincchloride1.63

magnesiumchloride1.33

combustiontest

◎Themethodofthecombustiontestisverysimple.Usetweezersoraspatulatosupportasmallsampleandheatitdirectlywithaflame.Generally,letthecornerofthesamplebeclosetotheedgeoftheflame.Forsamplesthatareeasytoignite,youcandistinguishfirstComeout,andthenputitontheflame,andsometimesremoveittodeterminewhetherthefirewillcontinuetoburn.

◎Theflammabilityofthematerialisrelatedtotheelementsitcontains.

CombustibleElements-carbon,chlorine,sulfurandothernon-flammableelements-halogen,phosphorus,nitrogen,silicon,boron,etc.

Thecoloroftheflameisusuallyrelatedtotheelement

Yellow-onlycarbon,Hydrogenplastics,suchasPS

Blue-oxygen-containingplastics,suchasPOM

Green-chlorine-containingplastics,suchasPVC

White-burningintensePlastics,suchasnitrocellulose.

Characteristicsofrawmaterials

a.Plasticrawmaterialsexpandbyheat,andthecoefficientoflinearexpansionismuchlargerthanthatofmetals;

b.Thestiffnessofgeneralplasticrawmaterialsisoneorderofmagnitudelowerthanthatofmetals;

c.Themechanicalpropertiesofplasticmaterialswillbesignificantlyreducedunderlong-termheating;

d.Generalplasticmaterialsaresubjecttolong-termstressundernormaltemperatureandbelowtheiryieldstrengthForce,therewillbepermanentdeformation;

e.Plasticmaterialsareverysensitivetonotchdamage;

f.Themechanicalpropertiesofplasticmaterialsareusuallymuchlowerthanthatofmetals,butsomecompositematerialsThespecificstrengthandspecificmodulusarehigherthanthatofmetal.Iftheproductdesignisreasonable,itwillbemoreadvantageous;

g.Generally,themechanicalpropertiesofplasticrawmaterialsareanisotropic;

h.Someplasticmaterialswillabsorbmoistureandcausesizeandperformancechanges;

i.Someplasticsareflammable;

j.Thefatiguedataofplasticmaterialswasstillavailablebefore2005Veryfew,itneedstobeconsideredaccordingtotherequirementsofuse.

Classificationofrawmaterials

Accordingtothemolecularstructureofsyntheticresins,plasticrawmaterialsaremainlydividedintothermoplasticandthermosettingplastics:forthermoplastics,itisrepeatedPlasticsthatarestillmalleablewhenheated:mainlyincludePE/PP/PVC/PS/ABS/PMMA/POM/PC/PAandothercommonlyusedrawmaterials.Thermosettingplasticsmainlyrefertoplasticsmadeofsyntheticresinsthatarehardenedbyheating,suchassomephenolicplasticsandAminoplastic,notcommonlyused.

Accordingtothescopeofapplication,therearemainlygeneralplasticssuchasPE/PP/PVC/PS,etc.,engineeringplasticssuchasABS/POM/PC/PAandothercommonlyusedones.Inaddition,thereareSomespecialplastics,suchashightemperature,highhumidityandcorrosionresistance,andotherplasticsmodifiedforspecialpurposes.

Processing

1.Mostoftheplasticrawmaterialscanberecycled,However,sincetheplastic(nozzlematerial)usedforturningismorebrittlethanthegeneralrawmaterials,itcanonlybeusedwithnewmaterials(rawmaterials),andthemaximumproportionshouldnotexceed25%.Itshouldbebasedontheprincipleofcustomerrequirements.VarioustypesofplasticmaterialsBecausetherequiredmeltingpointisdifferentandtheinjectionpressureisdifferent,itmustnotbeconfusedinproduction.

2.Becauseplasticproductsneedtobematchedwithcolor,plasticrawmaterialscanbedividedinto:pumpedpellets,colorPowderandcolormaterials,suchasaddingliquidtocolortheplasticrawmaterialstoday.Therawmaterialforpumpingparticlesisthatthepigmenthasbeenmixedintotherawmaterial,andeachplasticmaterialhasbeencolored,sothecoloroftheproductisstableanduniform.Thematerialistheuseofmixedrawmaterialsofcolorspeciesortoner,whichislowcostanddoesnotneedtostorealargeamountofcoloredrawmaterials.However,thecolorisunstableanditisdifficulttocontroluniformityinproduction.

Coloring

Thecolormatchingofplasticsisthekeytothecoloringofplastics.Onlywithagoodcolorcanweprepareproductswithgoodluster.Inthecolormatchingprocess,wemustfirstclarifytheapplicationrequirementsoftheproduct,andselecttheappropriatecolorantaccordingtothecoloringperformanceoftheplasticmaterial.Whenselectingcolors,techniciansshouldstrictlycheckthecolor,tintingstrength,dispersibility,performance,balancedstabilityofprocessing,mixingandcostoftheavailablepigments,andthencanselectthepigmentstobeusedanddeterminetheamountusedinitially.Thequalityofcolorselectionandcolormatchingnotonlydependsonthetechnicalexpertiseofthetechnicians,butalsorequiresthetechnicianstohavesoundvisualfunctions.Atthesametime,itmustrelyonhigh-techcolormatchinginstrumentsandequipment.Thisarticlediscussesplasticcolormatchingproceduresandcolormatchingmethods.

Colormatchingprogram

Colormatchingisanimportantpartofcoloring.Thefirstchoiceforcolormatchingistodesignthepreliminaryformula,andthenadjustthepreliminaryformulatomakeitsuitableformassproduction,andEnsuretheuniformityofthecolorofplasticproducts.

1.1Preliminaryformulationdesign

(1)Accordingtotherequirementsoftheoveralldesignofplasticproducts,findasamplesimilartothestandardcolorsampleasareference.Whetherthereferenceobjectisselectedproperlyornotisdirectlyrelatedtothequalityofthecoloringeffect.Inordertofindabettercoloringreferencematerial,weshouldaccumulateandpreparemorecoloringplasticswatchesorplasticcolormaterialsforreference.Atthesametime,weshouldcompileourowncolorselectionexperienceandlessonsintocorrespondingcoloringformulas.referto.

(2)Intheabsenceofareference,carefullyobserveandanalyzethecolorshade,hueandbrightnessoftheplasticproduct(sample),determinethecolorattribute,anddeterminewhetherthecolorusedistransparentoropaque,Whetheritcontainsotherspecialpigments(suchasfluorescentpigments,metallicpigments,etc.),andthencoloraccordingtoMunsellcolorsystem.

(3)Repeatedlycomparethedifferencebetweenthestandardcolorsampleandthereferenceobjectfromtheaspectsofhue,brightness,intensity,etc.,onthisbasis,correctthecolorantformulaofthereferenceobject,anddrawupapreliminaryformula.

OrdesigntherequiredcoloraccordingtothecalibrationprincipleofMunsellcolorsystem,anddrawupapreliminaryformula.

1.2AdjusttheformulaAccordingtotheproposedpreliminaryformula,carryouttheactualcoloringtest,comparetheobtainedactualcolorsamplewiththestandardcolorsampleandthereference,andfurtheradjustthecoloringformula.Thenpreparerealsamplesaccordingtotheadjustedformulaforcomparison.

Adjusttheformulaagainandrepeatthismanytimesuntiltheactualcolorofthesampleisthesameasthestandardcolorsampleoristheclosesttothestandardcolorsample.Tothedegree.Finally,thecoloringformulaisdeterminedforproduction.However,theselectedcolorisusuallydifferentfromthecolorpresentedbytheplasticproductsinactualproduction.Thecauseofthesedifferencesislargelyduetocolorweighingerrors.Sohowtomakethecolormatchingaccurate?Howtomakethecolormatchingconsistentincontinuousproduction?

Theaccuracyofcolormatchingisbasedontheselectionofthecorrectcolor(dye)material,andthecolor(dye)materialselectionisbasedontheproductTounderstandtheeffectandobservethesample,theunderstandingandobservationofthesampledependsontheexperienceandskillsofthecolormatchingpersonnel.Nowadays,manyunitsuseinstrumentstomatchcolors,butsomeunitsstillusemanualvisualinspectiontomatchcolors.Althoughthecolormatchingmethodofmanualvisualinspectionissimple,itrequiresthevisualinspectionpersonneltohaverichexperience.Whentwoobjectsareviewedunderthesamelightsource(suchassunlight),theircolorsmaybedifferent.Similarly,foroneobserver,thecolorsoftwoobjectsmaybeexactlythesame;foranotherobserver,theymaybedifferent.Wecallthesetwoobjectsconditionalisochromaticbodyorconditionalisochromaticpair,andalsocalledconditionalcolormatchingbodyorvariablecolormatchingbody.Iftwoobjectsarerequiredtolookthesameunderanylightsource,itmeansthatthespectroscopicreflectioncurvesofthetwoobjectsmustbethesame.Thiskindofcolormatchingiscalledunconditionalcolormatchingorimmutablecolormatching.Immutablecolormatchingrequirestheuseofthesamecolorantinthecolorsample.Itisimpossibletoadjustthecolorofplastictotheextentofimmutablecolormatching.Therearemanyreasonsforthis.Forexample,thedegreeofdispersionofthesamepigmentisdifferentindifferentplastics;inaplastic,itissometimesnecessarytodecolorortoningtoremoveothercolorsintheoriginalplastic;Inanothertypeofplastic,thisadjustmentmaynotbenecessary.Afterunderstandingtheseconditions,weknewwhattodointheactualcolormatchingprocessanddidnotpursueimmutablecolormatching.Sincethecolorswematchareallvariablecolormatching,whichconditionshouldweuseasthecriterion?Thisrequiresspecificanalysisofspecificissues.Theprincipleistosimulatethefinaluseenvironmentoftheproductasmuchaspossibletoobserveandmatchthecolor.Iftheproductisultimatelyusedoutdoors,thecolorselectionshouldalsobeperformedundernaturallightwhenmatchingcolors.

Colormatchingmethod

2.1Visualcolormatching

Anexperiencedcolormatchingpersonmusthaveaclearerconceptofthecolorantheneedsbeforecolormatching.Itisnecessarytograspthegeneralrulesofcoloringbymixingcolorants,andalsohaveaclearunderstandingofthepropertiesofthecolorantsused,suchashue,shade,mobility,heatresistance,weatherresistance,chemicalstability,etc.,andaccumulaterepresentativeVariousplasticcoloringsamplesandcolormatching.Beforefindingasuitablecolorantformula,alotofexperimentsmustbecarriedout,andthesamecolormustberepeatedlytoneduntiltherequiredcolorisobtained.Obviously,thevisualcolormatchingmethodisatrialanderrormethod,notveryscientific.Becausethismethodisrelativelysimpleandpractical,itisstillwidelyused.However,thismethodistime-consumingandrequiresoperatorstohaverelativelyrichexperience,otherwiseitwillbedifficulttooperate.

2.2Instrumentcolormatching

Theinstrumentcolormatchingmethodisderivedfromthevisualcolormatchingmethod.Thismethodusesaspectrophotometerandothermeasuringinstrumentstoreplacethefunctionsofthehumaneyeandbrain.Thetrial-and-errorprocessofthecolorratioiscarriedoutbycomputersimulation,withouttheactualmixingofthecoloringoftheplastic.Theoperatoronlyneedstomeasurethereflectance,whichisitsstandardvalue,andselectthepigmentforcolormatching.Byadjustingtheconcentrationofcolormatchingpigments,themeasurementsystemisconsistentwiththestandardconversionvalue.Ifthepigmentselectedbytheoperatorisreasonable,thesystemwilloutputaformulaintheformofmassfraction,andthenconvertthepercentageformulaintoamassratio.

Ifyou(qualitatively)knowwhatkindofcoloringagentthesampleuses,thecomputercaneasilycalculatetheactualamountofvariouscolor(dye)materialsintheformula.However,theformulaofthecolorantusedinthesampleisoftenunknown.Inthiscase,thechromaticitycoordinatesofthesamplecanbeusedtomatchthecolor.Therearemanyanalyticalandempiricalrelationshipsusedtoselecttheappropriatecolorantformulationanddeterminetheconcentrationappliedtoeachformulation.Theestablishmentoftheserelationshipsrequiresalotofcalculations.Usingacomputercanshortenthetimeoftheentirecolormatchingprocesstotenminutes.

Onecolorcanbeformulatedfromseveralformulascontainingdifferentpigments.Theperformancecharacteristicsandingredientsoftheseformulationsaredifferentfromeachother.Youcanusecolormatchinginstrumentsandcomputerstogetavarietyofformulasforacolor,forcolormatchingoperatorstochoose,toseewhetheritiseconomicaltouseasmallamountofexpensiveorganicpigmentsoralargeamountofcheapinorganicpigments,sothatpeoplehavealargerSelecttherange.

Inaddition,theinstrumentcolormatchingandvisualcolormatchingoffluorescentmaterialsareverydifficult.Thisisbecausefluorescenceisanewvariable.Whentwosamplesarecomparedunderdifferentlightsources,differentresultsmayappear.Notonlythelightsourcewillaffecttheobservationofthespecimen,buttheanglebetweentheincidentlightandtheobservationpositionwillalsoaffecttheobservationofthespecimen.

Mattersneedingattention

Whentoning,youmustfirstpayattentiontotheshadeofthecolorant.Inadditiontoitsnaturalcolor,eachcolorantalsohasitsownshade,whichisrelatedtoacertainstandard.Incontrast,thesecondarypigmentsthatexistincolorarecalledshades.Suchasphthalocyaninegreenwithyellowlight,mediumchromeyellowwithredlightandsoon.Ifthemediumchromeyellowismatchedwithphthalocyaninegreen,itmustbeavoidedduetotheinterventionoftheredlightofthemediumchromeyellow,therearethreeprimarycolorsofred,yellowandblue,whichwillmakethematchedcolordark.Therefore,inordertoobtainbrightcolors,whenthetwocolorantsarecombined,payattentiontotheinterferenceofthecolorlight.Intheactualpreparationofpurered,Litholscarletandlightfastscarletcanbeusedtomixtogether,sothattheiryellow,blue(purple)andothershadesareoffset,andwhitecolorantsareaddedtoimproveitsbrightness.

Classification

Accordingtothermalperformanceandprocessingperformance

Thermoplastics:softenedbyheatandcanberepeatedlyheatedformolding

Suchaspolyvinylchlorideplastics,polypropyleneplastics

Thermosettingplastics:cannotbeheatedandmeltedafterbeingcuredandshapedbyheating

Suchasphenolicplastics,urea-formaldehydeplastics

Byuse

General-purposeplastics:largeoutput

Suchaspolyethylene,polypropylene,polyvinylchloride

engineeringplastics

p>

Suchaspolycarbonate,polysulfone,polyphenyleneether,polyamide,polyoxymethylene

Specialplastics

Suchasmedicalplastics,conductiveplastics,high-temperatureplastics

p>

Environmentalissues

Sinceitsintroduction,plasticshavebeenwidelyused,buttheyhavealsocausedseriousenvironmentalproblems.Plasticwasteisdifficulttodecomposenaturally,leadingtoanincreaseinsolidwaste;ifitflowsintotheocean,itwillalsocausemarinelifetoeat,suffocate,poisoning,etc.,whichwillaffectthemarineecology;incinerationofplasticwastewillalsocauseairpollution,andsomeplastics,suchaspolychlorideUndercertainconditions,ethylene(PVC)andpolycarbonate(Polycarbonates)mayreleaseharmfulsubstancesorendocrinedisruptors,whichendangerthefertilityoforganisms.Therefore,reducingtheuseofplastichasbecomeanimportanttaskinenvironmentalprotection.

Recyclingclassification

Inordertofacilitatetherecyclingofplastics,TheSocietyofthePlasticsIndustry,Inc.,USAproposedalabelingsystemthatusesplastictypestoclassify:""Syntheticresinidentificationcode"(ResinIdentificationCode,oftentranslatedas"plasticmaterialcode"or"plasticcode").Recyclableplasticcontainerswillhaveatriangularlabelsurroundedbythreearrows,andthelabelwillindicatethetypeofplastic.

TheChineseNationalStandard(GB18455-2001)stipulatesthatplasticpackagingproductsorplasticcontainerswithavolume/volumeexceeding100mlmustbevisuallymarkedwiththeplasticrecyclinglabel:

Signabbreviatednameandpurpose

p>

PETpolyethyleneterephthalate,alsooftencalledpolyester,iscommonlyfoundinPETbottles.

HDPEhigh-densitypolyethyleneiscommonlyfoundinlotioncontainers,milkbottles,andsupermarketplasticbags.

PVCpolyvinylchlorideiscommonlyfoundinpipes,outdoorfurniture,andraincoats.

LDPElow-densitypolyethyleneiscommonlyusedinthetubepackagingoftoothpasteorfacialcleanser.

PPpolypropyleneiscommonlyfoundinbottlecaps,straws,andmicrowavefoodboxes.

PSpolystyreneisdividedintounfoamedorfoamed.Unfoamedstyrofoamiscommonlyfoundinsomebeverage(suchasYakult)containers;foamed,commonlyknownasstyrofoam,iscommonlyusedinpackagingrubberpellets,disposablethermalinsulationplasticcups,packagingfrozenmeatcontainers,andlunchboxes.

OTHEROtherrecyclableplasticproductsincludepolymethylmethacrylate(PMMA),polycarbonate(PC),polylacticacid(PLA),nylon(Nylon)andglasssteel(FRP),two-wayStretchedpolylacticacidfilm(BOPLA),etc.

Butunfortunately,therecyclingofplasticsisnoteasy,andtheimplementationresultsarenotsatisfactory.Comparedwithmetalrecycling,thebiggestproblemwithplasticrecyclingisthatitisdifficulttoautomaticallysortbymachines,andtheprocessinvolvesalotofmanpower.Inadditiontocontainersthatareusuallymadeofasingleplastic,manyplasticproductsareassembledfromavarietyofdifferentmaterials,andthecostofdisassemblingthemmaybehigherthanthepriceofrecycledplastics.Moreover,sometypesofplasticshavenoeconomicvalueforrecycling,suchasstyrofoam.Thistypeofplasticwasteisusuallyburiedorincinerated.

Atpresent,theproportionofrecycledplasticsintheUnitedStatesisverylow,only5%.

Decomposableplastic

Knives,forksandspoonsmadeofbiodegradablestarchplastic.Mainarticle:Biodegradableplastic

Thedecomposableplasticcandecomposeinthesun.Thereisalsotheadditionofstarchtotheplastictomakeiteasierforbiodegradation,butthedecompositionisstillincomplete.Somepeopleusegeneticallymodifiedbacteriatoproducecompletelybiodegradableplastic,butthecostisstillhigh.GermanBASFcompany(BASF)hasdevelopedabiodegradableplasticcalledEcoflexforfoodpackaging.Theabovedecomposableplasticsarerarelyusedduetocostissues.Theplasticmustbeexposedtoairtodecompose,soifitisburied,itwillstillcausesolidwasteproblems.

Plasticmanufacturersoftenvaguelyrefertoproductsasresinonthepackaging,evenifitisclearlyhumanessence/syntheticresin/syntheticresin.Mostpeoplearesusceptibletobeingmisledintothinkingthatitisanaturalresin,sotheycanbuyanduseitwithconfidence.Manymanufacturersalsodonotclearlylistthevarioushazardouschemicalsthattheyaddtotheirproducts.

Duetothemassproductionofplastics,theircheapprices,andawideselectionofcolors,allpeoplealsouseplasticproductsinlargequantities.Asaresult,theyoftenuseplasticsimproperlywithoutunderstandingtheactualcharacteristicsofcertainplastics.Forexample,someplasticsarenotsuitabletobeheatedorusedtostoreacidicbeveragesandfoods,andsomeplasticsarenotsuitabletobeexposedtosunlight,otherwisetheingredientswillbeunstableandreleased.Becausethereisnoimmediatedanger,variousharmfulsubstancesinplasticproductshaveenteredandpollutedthehumanbodythroughdifferentways,especiallydiet.

Plasticpolyethylene·polyvinylchloride·polystyrene·polyvinylalcohol·polypropylene·polyacrylicacid·polybutylene·polyisobutylene·polysulfone·polyoxymethylene·polyamide·polycarbonate·polyLacticacid·Polytetrafluoroethylene·Polyethyleneterephthalate·Epoxyresin·Phenolicresin·Polyurethane

Syntheticrubberbutadienerubber·styrene-butadienerubber·nitrilerubber·chloroprenerubber

p>

Syntheticfiberpolypropylene·polyester·nylon·acrylic·spandex·vinylon·nylon·dacron·Kevlon

Partdesign

PartdesignmustmeetTherequirementsonthepartmanufacturingsidearealsotruefortheplasticpartsobtainedthroughtheinjectionmoldingprocess.Tomeettherequirementsofproductfunction,qualityandappearance,thedesignofplasticpartsmustmakeinjectionmoldprocessingsimpleandlowcost,andatthesametime,theinjectionmoldingtimeofthepartsisshort,theefficiencyishigh,thepartdefectsarefew,andthequalityishigh.Thisisthedesignforinjectionmolding.Thissectionwillintroducethedesignguidelinesofplasticpartsindetail,sothatthedesignofplasticpartsisadesignforinjectionmolding.

Astheinjectionmoldingprocessinvolvestheproductionofinjectionmolds,thedesignforinjectionmoldingismoreimportant.Theproductionandmodificationofinjectionmoldsaretime-consumingandlaborious.Inthecostofplasticparts,thecostofinjectionmoldsoccupiesalargeproportion.Thecostofasetofmoldsrangesfromtensofthousandstohundredsofthousands.Aftertheinjectionmoldismanufactured,ifthepartdesignismodified,theinjectionmoldneedstobemodifiedaccordingly,whichisboundtoincreasethecostofthemold.Insomecases,becauseofthemoldstructure,theinjectionmoldcannotbemodified,andanewmoldcanonlyberedesignedandmanufactured.Thenthecostandtimelossbroughtaboutisevenmoreunmeasurable.

Commonlyusedsolutions

Thereare9commonsolutionsforplasticspraying:1.Whitefirewine.2.Whiteelectricoil.Three,202potions.Four,207potions.Five,whitewater.6.Getwaterfor303days.7.Getwaterfor333days.Eight,brotherLuofang.9.Cyclohexanone.

Solutionanalysis:

1.Whitefirewine:usedtocleanthesurfacestainsanddisinfectionofplasticparts,andpreventcontactwithmetalduringuse.

2.Whiteelectricoil:usedforcleaningplasticpartsandmetalsurfacestainsandoilstains,anddehydratingcertainplasticparts(chemicallywithHI.ABS).

3,202potion:dissolveHI-typeplasticparts,usedtobondHI-typeplasticpartstodilutetheuniversalglue.

4,207potion:dissolveABSplasticparts,usedtobondABSplasticparts(nochemicaleffectonPP.HDPE).

5.Whiteningwater:removeoilstainsandstains,butithasadestructiveeffectonthestructureofmostplasticparts,causingcracks(nochemicaleffectonPP)

6,303Thinner:Usedfordilutinghardrubberoil.

7,333daystotakewater:usedtodilutesoftrubberoil(PVCwater)todissolvePVCmaterials.

8.GeLuofang:Itdissolvesacrylicmaterial,hasstrongvolatilityandhasanestheticeffect.

9.Cyclohexanone:highboilingpointsolution,strongdissolvingpower,slowdrying,andmoisture-proofeffect.

This article is from the network, does not represent the position of this station. Please indicate the origin of reprint
TOP