Public university

Basicinformation

Features

Theso-calledpublicuniversitiesmainlyrefertohighereducationinstitutionsfundedbythenationalgovernmentorlocalgovernments.Privatecollegesanduniversitiesfocusingondistinguishingprivatecapital.Forexample,publicuniversitiesintheUnitedStateshavetheirowncharacteristics.

Firstofall,publicuniversitiesineverystateintheUnitedStatesaregenerallya"stateuniversitysystem"composedofmultipleschools.

Amongthetop50universitiesintheUnitedStates,thereare16publicuniversities.Amongthe16seatsintoppublicuniversities,theUniversityofCaliforniaoccupies6seats.Takethe"UniversityofCaliforniaSystem"asanexample,andbrieflyexplainthe"UniversitySystem".

ThepublichighereducationsysteminCaliforniaisdividedintothreelevels.Thefirstisthe"UniversityofCaliforniaSystem"(referredtoastheUCsystem);thesecondisthe"CaliforniaStateUniversitySystem"(referredtoastheCSsystem));ThethirdistheCaliforniaCommunityCollegeSystem(referredtoastheCCCSsystem).

TheUCsystemhas10branches.Ithasaprincipal,andeachbranchschoolhasitsownprincipal.

Althoughtheprincipalsofeachbranchschoolhavetoreporttotheprincipal,theyallhaveahighdegreeofautonomy.

ThepublichighereducationsystemintheUnitedStatesisquitemature,andtheuniversitysystemsinotherstatesaresimilartothoseintheUniversityofCalifornia.Secondly,the"national"publicuniversitiesintheUnitedStatesaregenerallyresearchuniversities,andtheyareallmajoracademiccentersinthestatesoftheUnitedStates.

Theycanallbecalled"bigandcomprehensive",thatis,thereareeithermorebranchschools,ormorecampuses,withalargenumberofstudentsandteachers.Forexample,the10branchschoolsofthe"UniversityofCaliforniaSystem"haveatotalofmorethan191,000students.Intermsoftheirundergraduateeducation,inadditiontotheabove6branchschoolswithin50,therearetwootheruniversitiesrankedwithin100intheUnitedStates.,AndanotheronedoesnotparticipateintheUSranking,butthemedicalschoolisrecognizedasthetopfiveintheworld.

ThedifferencebetweenChinaandforeigncountries

China’spublicuniversitiesarebetterthanprivateuniversities,becausepublicuniversitieshavealonghistoryofestablishment,astrongculturalheritage,abetterstyleofstudy,andarelativelystableschoolstrategy.FamousuniversitiesinmainlandChina,suchasPekingUniversity,TsinghuaUniversity,ZhejiangUniversity,FudanUniversity,NankaiUniversity,andRenminUniversityofChina,areallpublicuniversities.

InothercountriessuchasAustralia,Canada,NewZealandandSingapore,thesituationissimilartoChina.Allthetopuniversitiesinthosecountries,suchasMcGillUniversityandtheUniversityofTorontoinCanada,theNationalUniversityofSingaporeandNanyangTechnologicalUniversityinSingapore,arepublicschools.IntheUnitedStates,privateuniversitiesaremorepopularbecausetheyhaveanadvantageontherankings.Itisnecessarytohavegoodgradesandawealthyfamilytoenterthetopprivateuniversities.

MostofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStatesareprivate,suchasHarvardUniversity,YaleUniversity,PrincetonUniversity,StanfordUniversityandMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.Thetoppublicuniversitiesabsorbstudentswhoaregoodatlearningbutwhosefamiliesarenotverywealthy.SimilartothesituationintheUnitedStates,thereareItalyandSpain,whoseprivateuniversitiesoccupyanimportantpositioninthedomesticeducationcircle.ThemainoperatingmodelofAmericanpublicuniversitiesisthestateuniversitysystem.Exceptformilitaryacademies,theUnitedStateshasnouniversitiessponsoredbythefederalgovernment.Thesestateuniversitysystemsconstitutethemajorityofpubliclyfundedpublicuniversities.

U.S.specialpublic

• Privatetopublic

TherearesomespecialschoolsinthepublicuniversitiesofeverystateintheUnitedStates.Thefirstoftheseisthatsomecollegesthatwereoriginallyprivateuniversitieswereincorporatedbythegovernmentandbecamepublicuniversities.MorefamousonesincludeRutgersUniversityandCollegeofWilliamandMary.Generallyspeaking,publicuniversitiesarenamedafterplacesratherthanpeople,butthesetwoschoolsareexceptions.Thereasonisthattheyusedtobeprivateschools.ThefullnameofRutgersUniversityisRutgersandtheStateUniversityofNewJerseyinNewBrunswick.Itusedtobeachurchschool,privatelyowned.However,itwasincorporatedbytheNewJerseygovernmentinthe1960sandmergedwiththeformerNewarkBranchoftheStateUniversityofNewJerseyintoalargepublicresearchuniversity.TheCollegeofWilliamandMaryisthesecondoldestuniversityintheUnitedStates.Itwasfoundedinthe17thcenturyandwasonceprivatelyowned.ItalmostjoinedtheIvyLeague.However,around1900,theNorthCarolinagovernmentincorporateditandbecameapublicuniversity.Bythe21stcentury,theCollegeofWilliamandMaryisalsoveryuniqueamongpublicuniversities.Itisrelativelysmallcomparedtootherstateuniversities.Therelationshipbetweenteachersandstudentsandalumniisveryharmonious,andithasthefeelingofaliberalartscollege.

• Public-PrivatePartnership

SomeuniversitiesintheUnitedStateswerepublic-privatepartnerships,thatis,partoftheschoolwasprivate.Partofitbelongstothestateuniversitysystem.ThemostfamousschoolofthiskindisCornellUniversity.CornellUniversityhasatotalof11colleges,ofwhich7areprivateandbelongtotheorthodoxCornellUniversity,whiletheother4arejointlyrunbyCornellUniversityandtheStateUniversityofNewYorkandbelongtotheStateUniversityofNewYork.Thismodelcombinesthepublicandprivateuniversity-runningmodelsintoone,andlearnsfromeachother'sstrengths.Itisarelativelysuccessfulmodel.

• State-related

PennsylvaniaintheeasternUnitedStateshasauniqueuniversitysystem.ItiscalledStateRelatedUniversity(StateRelated).InPennsylvania,therearefourstate-relateduniversities:PennsylvaniaStateUniversity,UniversityofPittsburgh,TempleUniversityandLincolnUniversity.Infact,theyareapublic-privatepartnershipmodel,whichisevenmorethoroughthanCornellUniversity'smodel:theschoolreceivesgovernmentsubsidiesandalsosponsorsscientificresearchinstitutionsandmanufacturers.ThesefourschoolsareregardedasrepresentativesofpublicuniversitiesinPennsylvania.Infact,therealstateuniversitysysteminPennsylvaniaissomeincludingtheUniversityofCalifornia,Pennsylvania,UniversityofIllinois,HarrisburgUniversity,AllentonUniversity,CarrollUniversity,etc.Thefamousschoolsystem.

Advantages

Teachingfunding

Theendowmentfundsofpublicuniversitiescannotbecomparedwithprivateuniversities,buttheamountisstillconsiderable.TheUniversityofCalifornia’sdonationbaseamountedtoUS$9.6billion,rankingseventhamongAmericanuniversities.TheUniversityofMichigan’sendowmentfundreached7.1billionU.S.dollars,whichisthehighestamongpublicuniversitiesintermsofasingleschool.Astheflagshipuniversityofthestate'suniversitysystem,theUniversityofWisconsin-MadisonhasresearchfundingofmorethanUS$800millionfrom2007to2008.TheUniversityofIllinoishashundredsofmillionsofdollarsinresearchfundingforscienceandengineeringalone.Moreover,itissaidthattheschool'sresearchfundingfromtheNationalScienceFoundation(NSF)ranksfirstintheUnitedStateseveryyear.Relyingonthesupportofnearbyhigh-techindustriesandinternationalcompanies,theUniversityofWashington'sSeattlecampushasscientificresearchfundingofupto$5billionperyear.TheUniversityofFlorida,VirginiaPolytechnicInstituteandPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,whicharenotclosetothehigh-techindustrialarea,alsohaveanannualfundingofabout2billionUSdollars.

AcademicResources

Asfaraslibrarycollectionsareconcerned,mostpublicuniversitylibrarieshavemorethan5millionbooks.ThelibraryoftheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeleyalonehasnearly10millionbooks,makingitthefifthlargestlibraryinNorthAmerica.ThelibraryoftheUniversityofWashingtoninSeattleconsistsof19branches,withmorethan6millionbooksincollections,50,000periodicals,andsoon.TheUniversityofIllinoislibraryhasacollectionofmorethan10millionbooks,whichissaidtorankfirstamongpublicuniversitiesintheworldandthirdamongalluniversities,secondonlytoprivateYaleUniversityandHarvardUniversity.ThePekingUniversityLibraryhasacollectionofmorethan8millionbooks.

Faculty

Intermsoffaculty,thefacultyoftheUniversityofCaliforniasystemisthestrongest.TakeBerkeleyasanexample,itsteachers,researchersandalumniwontheNobelPrizeThereareasmanyas61,rankingsixthinthe"world'smostNobelPrize-winninguniversities";357academiciansoftheNationalAcademyofSciences(NAS),accountingfornearlyone-fifthofthetotalnumberofacademicians.

Thesituationinotheruniversitiesisnotweak.Forexample,theUniversityofIllinoishas24teachersoralumniwhohavewontheNobelPrize,1professorhaswontheFieldsMedal,and17teachersoralumnihavewonthePulitzerPrize.Thereare22membersoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesand28Americannationals.AcademicianoftheAcademyofEngineering.TherearealsomanyNobelPrizewinnersamongtheprofessorsandalumnioftheUniversityofTexasatAustin.Amongthecurrentprofessors,therearemorethan10academiciansoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesandmorethan40academiciansoftheNationalAcademyofEngineering.

DisciplineSetting

Publicuniversitieshaveacompleterangeofdisciplineswithoutstandingadvantages.

TheUniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-ChampaignistheflagshipuniversityinthepublicuniversitysystemofIllinois.Foralongtime,theUniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-ChampaignhasalwaysbeenoneofthetopandmostprestigiousuniversitiesintheUnitedStatesintermsofscienceandengineering.Itselectricalengineering,computerscience,materialsscience,civilengineering,andmechanicalengineeringrankamongthetop5intheUnitedStates.Engineering,aerospaceengineering,etc.arealsointhetop10intheUnitedStates.ThetotalnumberofSCIpapersoftheschoolranksamongthetop5intheUnitedStates.TheUniversityofIllinoisawardedthefirstbachelor'sdegreeinaccountingin1922andtheworld'sfirstdoctorateinaccountingin1939.ThestrengthoftheUniversityofIllinoisatChicagocannotbeunderestimated.ItisthemostprestigiouspublicresearchuniversityintheChicagoareaafterprivateuniversitiessuchasNorthwesternUniversity,theUniversityofChicago,andtheUniversityofNotreDame.

TheUniversityofMichiganatAnnArborranksamongthetop10majorsintheUnitedStates,includingbusiness,engineering,medicine,nursing,law,publicaffairs,psychology,sociology,andhistory.Theschool'sresearchonpublicaffairsisveryfamous,suchasthefamous"UniversityofMichiganConsumerConfidenceIndex".

AsapublicresearchuniversityfoundedbythethirdpresidentoftheUnitedStatesThomasJefferson,theUniversityofVirginiaistheonlyuniversityinNorthAmericathatislistedasaUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.InAmericanhistory,theschoolisknownforpioneeringacademicfieldssuchasarchitecture,astronomy,andphilosophy.

TheUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonhasexcellenteducation,geography,historyandsociologysubjects.AccordingtotheresearchconductedbytheNationalResearchCouncil,theschoolranksamongthetoptenintheUnitedStatesin70subjects.

GeorgiaInstituteofTechnology(GaTechorGTorGIT),MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)andCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology(CaltechorCIT)arecollectivelyknownasthethreemajorAmericaninstitutesoftechnology,ofwhichonlyGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyispublicTheuniversitybelongstotheGeorgiaStateUniversitysystem.Thethreemajorpolytechnicsonlyhavelessthan10collegesincludingtheSchoolofArchitecture,theSchoolofComputer,theSchoolofManagement,theSchoolofEngineering,theSchoolofHumanities,andtheSchoolofScience,but10disciplinesareamongthetop10graduateschoolsintheUnitedStates.GeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyandtheUniversityofGeorgia,togetherwiththeprestigiousprivateschoolEmoryUniversity,formedanimportantscienceandeducationcenteronthesoutherneastcoastnearAtlanta.

TheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeleyisknownasthe"PublicHarvardUniversity"anditisalsotheflagshipoftheUniversityofCaliforniasysteminNorthernCalifornia.ThefivenortherncampusesoftheUniversityofCalifornia(Berkeley,SanFrancisco,SantaCruz,Merced,Davis)centeredonithaveattractedalargenumberoftalentsfrominsideandoutsidethestate,aswellasinternationalstudentsfromallovertheworld.TheUniversityofCalifornia,BerkeleyandStanfordUniversityhavesupportedthehigh-techresearchanddevelopmentoftheentireSiliconValley.

UniversityofCalifornia,Davisistheworld'sagriculturalandenvironmentalscienceresearchandeducationcenter.Itsagriculturalandenvironmentalscience-relateddisciplinessuchasplantscience,animalscience,andagriculturaleconomicsandmanagementscienceareallmajorsintheUnitedStates.Top10rankings.

TheUniversityofTexasatAustinisverystronginalldisciplines.Thedisciplinessuchasengineeringandmediahavelongbeenwell-known.Manydisciplinesarerankedinthetop10intheUnitedStates.Nootherschoolcanmatchthestatusofaccounting.

UCLAisclosetoHollywoodandhigh-techdistricts,andisknownasthecradleofAmericanbusinessfinance,high-techindustries,filmartandotherprofessionals.ThefivesoutherncampusesoftheUniversityofCalifornia(LosAngeles,SantaBarbara,Irvine,Riverside,SanDiego)andsomeoftheCaliforniaStateUniversitycampusesformahigh-techdistrictcenteredonthecityofLosAngeles,whichalsoincludestheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology,SouthTheparticipationofprivateschoolssuchastheUniversityofCaliforniaandPepperdineUniversity.

Theinformationandlibrary,publichealthandotherdisciplinesoftheUniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHillhaverankedfirstintheUnitedStatesformanyyears.Togetherwiththenearbypublicuniversity,NorthCarolinaStateUniversity,Raleigh,andthefamousprivateuniversityDukeUniversity,itformsthedominantscientificresearchcenter,the"NorthCarolinaTriangle."

PurdueUniversityWestLafayettehasmadeindeliblecontributionstotheUnitedStatesinscienceandengineeringdisciplines,especiallyinaerospaceengineering.NeilArmstrong,thefirsthumantolandonthemoon,graduatedfromPurdueUniversity.Inordertoprovidelocalstudentswithmorelearningopportunities,PurdueUniversityalsoopenedajointcampuswithIndianaUniversity,apublicschoolinthesamestate,tocomplementeachother'sadvantagesandenhancetheirrespectivestrengths.

UniversityofMarylandParkisalargecomprehensivepublichighereducationinstitutionintheWashingtonarea.Foundedin1856,itisoneofthe20bestpublicuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.Amemberofthetoptenwell-knownalliancesintheMidwestoftheUnitedStates.Theschooliswell-knownforitsexcellentteachingandresearchcapabilities,andsheisconsideredtobeoneofthefastest-growingcomprehensiveresearchuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.Inthepasttenyears,theUniversityofMarathonhasrankedamongthetop10in31majorsintheUnitedStates,61majorsinthetop15intheUnitedStates,and90majorsinthetop25intheUnitedStates.TheUniversityofMarylandhas13collegesanditslevelofscientificresearchandteachingandresearchisintheleadingpositionintheUnitedStates.ItscriminaljusticedepartmentisthemostinfluentialdepartmentinthisfieldintheUnitedStates,rankingfirstintheUnitedStatesformanyyears.

TheUniversityofWashingtoninSeattlehasmaderemarkableachievementsinnuclearphysics,statistics,computerscience,mathematicsandnursing.Accordingtothe"2008WorldUniversityResearchPaperQualityEvaluation"conductedbytheTaiwanHigherEducationEvaluationCenter(usingpaperqualityasanindicator),SeattleUniversityofWashingtonranksfourthintheworld.ThismostprestigiousuniversityonthenorthwestcoastoftheUnitedStatesisalsooneofthehigh-producingplacesfortheNobelPrizeandPulitzerPrize.

TheParkCampus,themaincampusofPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,offersmorethan170majors,includingengineering,geographyandearthsciences,environment,meteorology,materialsscience,astronomy,artandmedia,andspecialeducation.Hehasmadegreatachievementsinscience,foodscience,managementandsoon.ItistheplacewhereAmericanliteraturecoursesandindustrialengineeringdisciplinesoriginatedontheNorthAmericancontinent.Itisalsotheplacewherethefirstextrasolarplanetswerediscoveredandtheatomswerefirstobserved.ItscontributionstogeosciencesandGISplayadecisiveroleintheindustry.

OxfordUniversityofMiami,Ohio(UniversityofMiami,Oxford)isoneofthefirstbatchofoutstandingpublicuniversities.Itoffersmorethanonehundredmajors,completecategories,andspecializesincertainaspects..

UniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbaranotonlyhasabeautifulenvironment,butwiththeeffortsoftheschool,itscomprehensivecapabilitieshavebeensteadilyimproved,especiallyintheareasofgeographyandphysics,andtheprospectsareveryoptimistic.Therankingsofthisschoolarealsorisingyearbyyear.TheadditionofGoodchild,thefatherofGIS,madethefacultylineupofthegeographydepartmentofthisschoolverypowerful.

TheStateUniversityofNewYorkhasahugebranchcampussystem.ItsBinghamtoncampus,StonyBrookcampus,BuffalocampusandtheInstituteofScienceandTechnologyareallinthetop120oftheAmericanuniversityrankings,anditalsohasfoursubordinatecollegesandin-depthcooperationwiththefamousIvyLeagueUniversityCornellUniversity.TheCityUniversityofNewYorkalsoreliesonitsgeographicallocationandhasitsownexpertiseinfinance,economics,andmarketing.

InadditiontoprivateuniversitiessuchasJohnsHopkinsUniversityandHarvardUniversity,thetopmedicalinstitutionsalsoincludepublicuniversitiessuchastheUniversityofPittsburghandtheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco.TheUniversityofPittsburghisafullydevelopedpublicuniversity,butitsreputationinthemedicalworldisnolessthanthatofHarvardUniversity.TheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFranciscoisasmallmedicalschoolfocusedoncultivatingmedicalleadersandhasaninternationalreputation.

AlumniResources

Mostofthepublicuniversitieshaveachievedoutstandingresultsandtalentedpeoplehavemadegreatcontributionstothecountryandsociety.

IntheUnitedStates,publicuniversitieshaveaveryclearawarenessofservingthesocietyandthecountry.Inthe“WashingtonMonthlyUniversityRankings,”thetop10“UniversitieswiththeMostServiceandContributionstoAmerica”aretheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,PennsylvaniaStateUniversity,UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,UniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,andUniversityofCalifornia,Davis.Fivepublicuniversitiesareamongthem,occupyinghalfofthecountry.

TheCollegeofWilliamandMarywasfoundedin1693.ItisthesecondoldestcollegeintheUnitedStatesafterHarvardUniversity.ItisknownasthefirstschoolintheSouthorPrincetonLittle.Itisarelativelysmallpublicuniversitywithlessthan6,000undergraduatesand2,000graduatestudents,butithasproducedAmericanpresidentssuchasThomasJefferson,JamesMonroe,andJohnTaylor.

AlthoughPennStateUniversityhasaremotecampus,itsalumninetworkisthelargestintheUnitedStates,soitisregardedasthemostfamousuniversityintheUnitedStates.Thealumniofthisschoolaredistributedinallwalksoflife,buttheyallhaveatraditionofobtainingresearchfundingandsponsorshipfortheiralmamater.AlumnioftheschooldonatedUS$200millioninalumpsumtobuildthefirsticehockeyhallincentralPennsylvania.Duetothealumninetwork,theschoolhasbecomeoneofNASA'scooperativecolleges,andhasmadeoutstandingachievementsinearthsciences,geography,environmentalsciences,astronomy,andatmosphere.

Ifyoudoalittleinvestigation,youwillfindthatsomeChinesepeoplewearefamiliarwith,suchasWuJianxiong,QiuChengtong,DingZhaozhong,ZhuKezhen,JianBozan,ChenZhifan,YangZhenning,BruceLee,etc.,aresimilartotheabovepublicuniversities.Orthatkindofconnection.

Ranking

OnAugust25,2008,the"U.S.NewsandWorldReport"weeklypublishedthe"2009RankingoftheBestUniversitiesintheUnitedStates."Althoughthisrankinghasbeenquestionedbymanyexperts,scholarsandevensomeuniversities,itshugeinfluenceintheUnitedStatesandinternationallycannotbeunderestimatedbyanyoneandanyuniversity.Amongtherankingsofitsvariouscategories,themostconcernedisthe"nationaluniversityrankings".DuetofactorssuchasthedominantpositionoccupiedbypublicuniversitiesinAmericanhighereducation,therankingalsospeciallyselectedthe"publicuniversities"fromthe"nationaluniversities"andestablishedthe"publicuniversityrankings."

Inthe2012"PublicUniversityRankings",thetop16hasnotchangedmuchfrompreviousyears.ThefirstplaceisstilltheNorthernflagshipschooloftheUniversityofCaliforniasystem,UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,followedcloselybytheSouthernflagshipschooloftheCaliforniasystem,UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles.TheUniversityofVirginia,foundedbyUSPresidentThomasJefferson,theUniversityofMichiganatAnnArbor,aworld-classuniversityintheGreatLakesregion,theUniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHill,oneoftheNorthCarolinaTriangles,andtheCollegeofWilliamandMary,thefirstschoolintheSouth,rankedthirdtothird.Six;GeorgiaInstituteofTechnology,knownastheSouthernMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,andtheUniversityofCalifornia,anothersouthernbranchoftheUniversityofCalifornia,rankedseventhandeighth;NorthernCalifornia,theUniversityofCalifornia,Davis,famousforitsagricultureandmedicineRankedninth;SouthernCalifornia'sfast-growingprestigiousuniversityofphysicsandgeography,UniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara,andSeattleUniversityofWashington,whicharefamousfornaturalsciencesandnursinginthenorthwesterncoast,aretiedfortenth;Wisconsin,thebestcomprehensiveuniversityinthenorth-centralpartofthecountryUniversityofMadisonisthetwelfthplace;PennsylvaniaStateUniversity,famousforengineering,agriculturalmediaandgeography,UniversityofTexasatAustin,famousforaccountingandengineering,UniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign,famousforcomputerbusinessandcivilengineering,andUniversityofCaliforniaThefirstalternateschoolinLosAngeles,theUniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,istiedforthirteenth,andtheUniversityofFloridaisrankedseventeenth.AtotalofseventeenschoolsformthefirstgroupofpublicuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.

Generallyspeaking,the"publictopthree"referstotheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley,theUniversityofMichiganatAnnArborandtheUniversityofVirginia.Ofcourse,somepeoplehavechangedtheUniversityofVirginiatotheUniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-ChampaignortheUniversityofWisconsin-Madison.UCLAalsohasthestrengthtohitthetopthree.Toppublicuniversitieshavefallensharplyintheirrankingsinthepasttwodecades,buttheirscientificandeducationalcapabilitieshaverisenrapidly,andtheirstrengthhasbeenabletocompetewithmosttopprivateschools.Inresponsetothisfact,theAmericaneducationcommunityhasalsoputforwardtheterm"PublicIvy",whichreferstothefirst-classpublicuniversitieswhosestrengthcanrivalthefamousIvyLeagueschoolsbutwhosetuitionisverylow,includingtheaforementioned16first-classuniversities.Theschoolandmorethanadozenquasi-first-classschoolssuchasOhioStateUniversity,PurdueUniversity,MichiganStateUniversity,UniversityofMarylandPark,UniversityofMinnesotaTwinCities,IndianaUniversityBloomington,UniversityofDelaware,UniversityofPittsburgh,UniversityofColoradoBoRutgersUniversityandRutgersUniversity,etc.