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Private university



Differences

Thebiggestdifferencebetweenprivateuniversitiesandpublicschoolsisthedifferenceininvestors.Publicuniversitiesarefundedbystatefinances,andprivateuniversitiesareestablishedbyprivateorprivateinstitutions.Therefore,privateschoolshavehigherfeesthanpublicschools.Inaddition,thedifferenceininvestmentsubjectsleadstodifferentteachingdirectionsbetweenthetwo.Publicuniversitiesarefundedbythestatetoundertakethemissionofnationalhighereducation,focusingontheresearchandteachingofbasicdisciplines;whileprivateuniversitiesrelyonthemarkettosurvive,setupcoursestomeetmarketdemand,keepinnovatingincurriculumsettings,andthequalityofteachingistheguaranteeoftheirsurvival.

HistoricalTradition

Almostallcountriesintheworldhaveprivateuniversities,andtheyoftenbecomethemainstreamofhighereducationinacountryintermsofprestigeandquantity.SincetheoriginsofWesternuniversitiesareinseparablefromreligiousactivities,thefoundationofEuropeanandAmericanuniversitiestendstobeprivatefundsandtheirdevelopmentismoreindependent.TheoriginofprivateuniversitiesinAsia(outsideJapan)wasmainlytheChristianuniversitiesfromtheWestinthelate19thandearly20thcenturies,andtheyhadthegreatestinfluence.

DuringtheRepublicofChinaperiod

Prestigiousschoolsflourished(1900-1929)

China’sfirstprivatemodernuniversity,SoochowUniversity,wasestablishedinSuzhouin1900bytheChristianSupervisoryCouncilEstablishedandawardedthefirstBachelorofArtsdegreeinChina.

BeforetheMayFourthMovement,privateuniversitieswerethemainforceinhighereducationinChina,andnoneofthemwereregisteredwiththecentralgovernment(beforetheendoftheNorthernExpedition,theRepublicofChinawasruledseparatelybytheBeiyanggovernmentandtheNationalGovernment).Havefullautonomy.Sinceitsoperation,thosewhohavenotbeenabolishedhavebecomewell-knownlocalschools.

ProtestantChristianityhas:

SoochowUniversity

YenchingUniversity

QiluUniversity

St.JohnUniversities

JinlingUniversity

HujiangUniversityandother13universities.

TheCatholicChurchhas:

FuJenCatholicUniversity

AuroraUniversity

JinguUniversityandmanyothers.

LocalChineseself-run:

PrivateNantongUniversity(Nantong)

ChunghwaUniversity(Wuchang)

ChineseUniversity(Beijing)

ChaoyangUniversity(Beijing)

FudanUniversity(Shanghai)

DatongUniversity(Shanghai)

GuanghuaUniversity(Shanghai)

DaxiaUniversity(Shanghai)

NankaiUniversity(Tianjin)

XiamenUniversity(Xiamen)etc.

NationalSupervision(1929-1949)

In1929,theNationalistGovernmentcompletedtheNorthernExpedition,unifiedChinainformandenteredthepoliticaltrainingperiod.Theauthoritieshavesuccessivelypromulgatedthe"UniversityOrganizationLaw","UniversityRegulations"and"PrivateSchoolRegulations",andprivateuniversitiesacrossthecountryhavebeenincorporatedintosystemmanagement.Sincethen,eachschool’snamemustbeprefixedwiththeword“Private”.Inaddition,itisalsorequiredtosetup“commoncompulsorysubjects”.The1946"ConstitutionoftheRepublicofChina"expresslystipulatedthat"publicandprivateeducationalandculturalinstitutionsacrossthecountryshallbesupervisedbythestateinaccordancewiththelaw."

Discriminationandsuppression(1949-)

In1949,theRepublicofChinagovernmentmovedtoTaiwan.InviewoftheexperienceoftheChineseKuomintangbeingharassedbythestudentmovementafter1946,itmadeeveryefforttocrackdownonprivateuniversities.Fromtheearlydiscriminatorypolicyprohibitingprivateuniversitiesfromusingplacenamesasschoolnames,theuseof"developmentroads"todivideandreducethecampusofFuJenCatholicUniversity,totheattempttodemolishtheLuSiyiChurchofDonghaiUniversityundertheguiseof"publicconstruction".example.

In1974,theauthoritiespromulgatedthe"PrivateSchoolsLaw",forcingallprivateschoolstoregisteras"consortiumlegalpersons",andimposedstrictregulationsonboardofdirectors,finances,andfees.Althoughitisalegalperson,duetothesuppressionofthe"PrivateSchoolLaw",theprivateschoolhasactuallybecomea"privatepublicinstitution"underthe"MinistryofEducationofTaiwanRegion".Thegovernmentnotonlysupervisestheboardofdirectors,butalsosupervisestheboardofdirectors,andmanagesprivateuniversitiesinthesamewayaspublicuniversities.ThisisdifferentfromthefactthattheUSandJapanesegovernmentsusefundstoaidprivateuniversities.,Thegovernmentgrantsverylittlefinancialsubsidiestoprivateuniversitiesandrestrictsthechargingstandardsofprivateuniversities.

Sofar,publicuniversitiesstillmonopolizethe"tax-freerewardsforprivatedonations",whichisevenmoredetrimentaltoprivateuniversities'fundraising.

TheUnitedStates,Japan,andSouthKorea

PrivateuniversitiesleadthetophighereducationintheUnitedStatesbecausefundsareeasytouse,andalumniandcompaniesarewillingtodonatemoney,andtheyalsoenjoygovernmentsubsidieslikepublicuniversities.Withthefundingofscholarships,privateuniversitiesoftenmonopolizethebestsourceofyoungstudents.Intermsofuniversities,thetop20universitiesintheUnitedStatesarealmostallprivateuniversities,andtheiralumniandprofessorshavewonmostoftheNobelPrizesintheworld,suchasthe8IvyLeagueschoolsandtheUniversityofChicago,StanfordUniversity,andMassachusetts.PolytechnicInstitute,CaliforniaInstituteofTechnology,JohnsHopkinsUniversity,CarnegieMellonUniversity,etc.

InJapan,KantohasWasedaUniversity,KeioUniversityandtheUniversityofTokyo,andKansaihasDoshishaUniversity,RitsumeikanUniversity,andKyotoUniversity.SophiaUniversity,MeijiUniversity,HoseiUniversity,RikkyoUniversity,ChuoUniversity,etc.intheTokyoareaarealsothecradlesofpoliticalandbusinesselitesandsocialcelebrities.GraduatesofInternationalChristianUniversityarelovedbyUNagencies,attractingtwoJapaneseprincessestomakeanexception.GakushuinUniversityisawell-known"RoyalUniversity",whileKokugakuinUniversityandHwanggakukanUniversityshouldertheacademicmissionofShintoism.

10ofthetopuniversitiesinSouthKoreaareprivateuniversities.Thethreetopuniversitiescollectivelycalled"SKY",S—SeoulUniversity,K—KoreaUniversity,andY—YonseiUniversity,alsoincludetwoprivateuniversities:KoreaUniversity(K)andYonseiUniversity(Y).

Currentsituation

MainlandChina

PrivateuniversitiesinMainlandChinabecamepublicuniversitiesafterthefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChinain1949.Foralongtime,thehighereducationsectorhasbeenmonopolizedbypublicuniversities.Itwasnotuntilthe1980sthatthegovernmentbegantoallowtheestablishmentofprivatecollegesanduniversities.Yang'enUniversity,foundedin1987,isthefirstprivateuniversityinmainlandChinathathasthequalificationstoissuenationalundergraduatecertificatesandconferbachelor'sdegrees.AsofMay2007,therehavebeen295state-recognizedprivatecollegesanduniversitiesinmainlandChinathatcanissuegraduationcertificates.Atthesametime,thereareindependentcollegesestablishedincooperationwithordinarycollegesanduniversitiesandnon-governmentalforces.

Theteachingequipmentofprivateuniversitiesisgenerallyinferiortothatofpublicuniversities.Thereisnotnecessarilystrictreviewandsupervision,andacademicqualificationsarenotnecessarilyrecognized.Forexample,asof2005,thetotalnumberofvariousprivateuniversitiesexceeded1,000.However,thereareonly239privateuniversitiesrecognizedbythestate,ofwhich25areundergraduatesandtheothersarejuniorcolleges.Atthesametime,studentscannotchangetheirhukouduetoattendingtheseschools.

Taiwanarea

Undertheearlyjointentranceexaminationsystem,whenstudentschoosetoapplyforavolunteer,iftheyarenotrequiredbytheregionandspecialdepartments(suchasunwillingtoleavetheTaipeiarea),exceptforafewdepartments(Suchas:DepartmentofEnglishofFuUniversity,DepartmentofLawofSoochowUniversity),mostlypublicuniversitiesarethefirstchoice,followedbyprivateuniversities.Beforethecollegeupgradewasimplementedin1990,TaiwanhadonlyTunghaiUniversity,FuJenCatholicUniversity,SoochowUniversity,TamkangUniversity,ChungYuanChristianUniversity,FengChiaUniversity,JingyiUniversity,ChineseCultureUniversity,YuanpeiUniversityofScienceandTechnology,andseveralprivateinstitutions.CollegeofArtsandSciences.

Nowadays,privateuniversitieswithalonghistoryorestablishedbyenterprisescanstillcompetewithnationaluniversitieswithsoundfundingintermsofevaluation,ranking,teachingandresearchlevel,andthequalityofstudents.

SoochowUniversity'sacademicandsocialreputationsinlaw,German,Japanese,politicalscience,andaccountingarestillfewnationaluniversitiescomparabletoit.

TheSchoolofDesignoftheUniversityofPracticeisratedasoneofthe60topdesignschoolsintheworldbyAmericanBusinessWeekly(onlyChenggongUniversityistiedwithit).

FuJenCatholicUniversity(especiallyinEuropeanlanguages​​andmuseumstudies)andChangGungUniversity(especiallyinmedicineandscience)havebeenrankedamongthetop500intheworldin2006and2008.Inthesameperiod,Only2.53%ofnationaluniversitieshavetheabilitytoentertheworlduniversityrankings.

YuanZeUniversityhasbeenrankedamongthetop400universitiesintheworldin2012.

FengChiaUniversityisgoodatscienceandengineeringsubjects,especiallyinresourcesandelectricityrelatedsubjects.Inthe2015QSWorldRankingforthefieldofcomputerscience,theschoolranked371intheworldandthefirstprivateschool.

MingChuanUniversity,ShihHsinUniversity,andChineseCultureUniversityarecomparabletotheNationalChengchiUniversityinthefieldofcommunication,andMingChuanUniversity’sAsia-Pacificrankingisalsohigherthanthisschool.

2015QSAsianUniversityRankings

Universities

Countiesandcities

213

TaiwanFuJenCatholicUniversity

NewTaipeiCity

78

ChangGungUniversity

TaoyuanCounty

171

FengChiaUniversity

TaichungCity

201

MingChuanUniversity

TaipeiCity

286

TunghaiUniversity

TaichungCity

282

SoochowUniversity

TaipeiCity

None

TamkangUniversity,Taiwan

NewTaipeiCity

210

CentralPlainsUniversity,Taiwan

TaoyuanCounty

250

YuanzhiUniversity

TaoyuanCounty

None

DatongUniversity

TaipeiCity

HongKongArea

InHongKong,privateuniversitiesarenotascommonaspublicuniversities,andonlyHongKongShueYanUniversityismorefamous.TheHangSengUniversityofHongKongandTungWahCollegealsoofferbachelor'sdegreeprograms,sotheycanalsoberegardedasprivateuniversities.

Macaoarea

InMacao,privateuniversitiesaremorecommon,whilethenumberofpublicuniversitiesisrelativelysmall.MacauUniversityofScienceandTechnologyisthelargestcomprehensiveuniversityinthecountry.Inaddition,theCityUniversityofMacau,theUniversityofSaintJoseph,theMacauJinghuSchoolofNursing,theMacauSchoolofManagement,andtheMacauInstituteofChineseandWesternInnovationarealsoprivateuniversities.

Japan

Japaneseprivateuniversitiescanreceiveasmallamountofrecurrentsubsidiesfromthestate,buttheiroperationsaremainlybasedontuitionandalumnidonationsasthemainsourceoffunding.Privateuniversitiesestablishedbycompaniesandconsortiareceivefundingfromtheirfounders,buttheyarenotsubjecttoanyregularsubsidiesfromthestate.Generallyspeaking,thetuitionfeesofprivateuniversitiesarehigherthanthoseofpublicuniversities(includingnational,county,municipal,etc.),andscienceismoreexpensivethanliberalarts.Buttherearealsosomeprivateuniversitieswhosefeesarecheaperthanpublicuniversities.

InpartoftheWesternworld,thereisasystemthatshortensthethree-yearuniversitycoursetotwoyearsbeforegraduation.Althoughthissystemhastheadvantagesofreducingthefinancialburdenofstudentsandenablingearlyemployment,italsohastheriskofaffectingthequalityofteaching.InJapan,onlyRitsumeikanAsiaPacificUniversitystillimplementsthissystem.Inaddition,trainingschoolsestablishedbycompaniesandlegalentitiesestablishedbylocalgovernments(publicprivateuniversities)arealsocalledprivateuniversities.Three-quartersofalluniversitiesinOrientalJapanareprivateuniversities.

Malaysia

TheAsianBusinessSchoolisjointlyorganizedbyBankNegaraMalaysiaandtheSloanSchoolofManagementoftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.

PutraBusinessSchool,anautonomousgraduatebusinessschoolestablishedbyUPM,PutraUniversity,Malaysia.

RamanUniversity,awell-knownprivateuniversityestablishedbytheMalaysianChineseAssociationofMalaysianPoliticalParties

NilaiUniversity,aprivateuniversityjointlyownedbyMalaysianprivatecapitalandtheFederalLandDevelopmentAuthorityofMalaysia

PetroChinaUniversityofScienceandTechnology,aprivateuniversityundertheNationalPetroleumCorporationofMalaysia

NationalEnergyUniversity,affiliatedtotheNationalEnergyCorporationofMalaysia,isoneofthetopuniversitiesinMalaysia.

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