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Printing Technology



Prospectanalysis

ThedevelopmentofChina'sdigitalpublishingindustryisstillfacingavarietyofissuessuchasformats,productprices,businessmodels,settlements,anduserexperience.Accordingtothesurvey,in2011,thecapital'spublishingcopyrightworkwillacceleratethetransformationofdevelopmentmode,usemechanisminnovationasabreakthrough,continuetodeepenreforms,accelerateresourceintegration,promotetheintegrationofhigh-techandpublishingindustry,innovateandimprovethepublicculturalservicesystemofpressandpublication,andoptimizeGovernmentmanagementmodel,improveservicelevel,andstrivetocreateanewsituationinthecapital'spublishingandcopyrightwork.AsoftheendofNovember2010,therevenueofthepressandpublishingindustryinBeijingreached46.617billionyuan,ayear-on-yearincreaseof9.45%;totalassetsreached93.515billionyuan,anincreaseof8.74%year-on-year;totalprofitswere3.059billionyuan;morethan115,800employeeswereemployed.Thetotalrevenueofthepressandpublishingindustryranksfourthamongthe9majorareasofthecity'sculturalandcreativeindustries.

Thefollowingtrendsmayappearinthefuture:

1.Theintegratedoperationoflargeandmedium-sizedpublishingorganizations;

2.ThecooperationbetweenpublishingorganizationsandtechnologyproviderswillbeFurtherin-depth;

3,smallandmedium-sizedpublishingorganizationswilltaketheroadofserviceoutsourcing;

4,newdigitalpublishingorganizationscontinuetoemerge,mainlyintheformoftheInternet;

5.Readermanufacturerssetuponlinebookstores;

6.Traditionalchannelsarefullytransformedtoelectronicchannels;

7.Operatorsenterfull-processdigitalpublishing;

8.Therewillbemoredetailedprofessionaldatabaseserviceproviders.

Andthedevelopmentofthesetrendsandthesolutionofproblemswillbebasedonatheme:cooperation.Thegoalofcooperationis1+1=11.Pleasenotethatitisnot1+1=2,but11,inordertoobtaingreatervalue.Forindustriesthatdevelopingeometricprogression,onlygreatervaluecanbecalledvalue.Tothisend,westillneedtodoalotofarduousandmeticulouswork,suchasjointlyformingaconstructivealliancetoexplorehowtointegratedigitalpublishingandpublishinginstitutionsmoredeeply,formulaterealisticdigitalpublishingstrategicplans,standardizebusinessmodelsandmarketstrategies,andFurtherclarifythepartners,etc.Onlyinthiswaycanwefurtherclarifywhatwewant,whatwecanbringtoourpartners,andwhatourcooperationcanbringtotheindustry.

Fromthisperspective,"makingpartnersmorevaluable"haspracticalsignificanceandwillinevitablybecomeanimportanttopicinthedevelopmentofChina'sdigitalpublishingindustryinthefuture.

Withthecontinuousimprovementoflivingstandards,theproportionofprintinghouseswillbecomelargerandlarger.Therefore,customers’requirementsforprintingdesignwillbecomehigherandhigher,sointhefutureprintingindustryItwilldefinitelybecomemoreandmoreprofessional,anddesignandprintingwillinevitablybeseparated.Professionaldesignagencies,professionalprintinghousesandgoodafter-salesserviceswillconstituteamoreprofessionalprintingteam.

Printingprinciple

1,copyoftext

2,dotimaging

3,immiscibleoilandwater

Printingtechnologyisamethodofcopyingtextandimagesinbatchesthroughplatemaking,printing,andpost-pressprocessing.Thebroadinterpretationofprintingtechnologyshouldbe:printingtechnologyisthegeneraltermforprintingtechnologyandprintingequipment.Theprintingprocessandtheprintingequipmentaremutuallydependentandmutuallyreinforcing.Simplyput,theprintingprocesscannotbeseparatedfromtheprintingmachine;theprintingmachineisalsoinseparablefromtheprintingprocess.ThisishowtheprintingtechnologyofancientandmodernChinaandforeigncountrieshasbeencontinuouslydeveloped.

Technicalpersonnelinaprintingplantmustnotonlybeproficientinprintingprocessskills,butalsohavetomastertheknowledgeofprintingprocessequipment(printingmachines);onthecontrary,technicalpersonnelinaprintingpressmanufacturermustnotonlybeproficientinprintingprocessEquippedwiththedesignandproductionskillsof{printingmachine},butalsoshouldmastertheknowledgeofprintingprocess.Thebetterthecombinationofthetwo,themorerefinedtheknowledgeofprintingtechnology,themorebeneficialitistothedevelopmentofnewtechnologiesandnewproducts.Therefore,themeaningofstandardtermsshouldbefullyunderstood.

Chinahasalonghistoryofprinting.AsearlyasthefirstyearoftheEasternHanDynasty(105),CaiLuninventedpaper.AttheendoftheSpringandAutumnPeriodandWarringStatesPeriod,stencilprintingwasinventedusinghollow-outprintingonsilkfabrics.Surgery.AttheendoftheSuiDynastyandthebeginningoftheTangDynasty,thatis,atthebeginningofthe7thcentury,woodblockprintingwasinvented.IntheNorthernSongDynasty,printingmasterBiShengadoptedmovabletypeprinting(1041),whichopenedaneweraofmovabletypeprintingonpaperintheprintinghistoryofmycountry.Inthesubsequentnearly1,000yearsofdevelopment,printinghasexperiencedtechnologicalchangessuchasgravureprintingandoffsetprinting.

Equipmentmaintenance

Oneverylithographicprintingmachine,125variablesneedtobecontrolled,somaintainingprintingconsistencyhasbecomeadifficultgoaltoachieve.Excessivehardnessofthecylinderontheprintingpressmaybringyouthefollowingproblems:alargeincreaseintonevalue,unevendotdensity,increaseinmechanicalghosting,failureofcolorcontrol,unevendotedges,blurreddots,Thegranularizationofhalftonepatternsandtheprintingeffectofsolidcolorblocksarenotideal.Inordertoavoidtheseproblems,printingpressoperatorsmustensurethecleanliness,inkabsorptionandsoftnessofthecylinder.Imightreadthehardnessrequirementsoftheprintingpressmanufacturerforeachcylinder.Somemanufacturersmayputforwarddifferenthardnessrequirementsforthecylindersaccordingtotheirfunctionandtheirpositionontheprintingpress,whilesomemanufacturersmayprovideuserswithahardnessvaluethatisapplicabletoallcylinders.Now,youmustchooseanappropriatehardnessvalueforyourprintingcylinderandtrytokeepthisvalueaslongaspossible.

Whenexposedtoultravioletlightorinahightemperatureandeasilyoxidizedenvironment,therollerwillharden.Therefore,itisbesttostoretherollersinadarkplaceandkeepthemawayfromheatsourcesandelectricmotors.

Tokeepthecylindersoftheprintingpresssoft,itisbesttocleanthemwithadecalcifyingsolutionorhotwatercontaining15%vinegaronceaweek.Inaddition,everyweekend,theoperatorshouldthoroughlycleantherollerwithinkrollercleaner,andrinsetherolleragainonMondaymorning.Ifpossible,trytoavoidusingchemicalsonthedrum,andneverusesteelpads.Underidealconditions,itisbesttounloadalltherollersontheprintingpresseveryquarterformanualcleaning.Atthesametime,cleanthesupportandframeoftheprintingpress.Thisisadifficulttask,butaslongasyouworkhard,youwillbeabletoseethedisappearanceofstainsandtheimprovementofprintingquality.

Pressuredebugging

Thecorrectprintingpressureisthekeytotheprintingquality,especiallythescreenprintingofhalftonedotsandlineshashighrequirementsforprintingpressure,andthecorrectprintingpressurecanproducebeautifulandhigh-qualityprinting.Qualityproducts.

1.PressureoftheinkdistributiondeviceThispressurebeltreferstothepressurebetweentheinkdistributionrollerandtheaniloxroller.Itsmainfunctionistocontrolthesizeanduniformityofinktransfer.Thepressurebetweenthetworollersislarge(thegapissmall),andtheamountofinkonthesurfaceoftheaniloxrollerisrelativelysmall,andviceversa.

Thesizeofthisprintingpressureisrelatedtothesizeoftheprintingarea.Generallyspeaking,thepressurewithalargerprintingareacanbelightertoincreasetheinkvolumetoincreasethethicknessandvividnessoftheinklayer.Theprintingareaissmallerandmoredelicatetextpatterns,thepressureshouldbeslightlyhigher,inordertoreducetheamountofinktoimprovetheclarityofthesmalltext,theprincipleofthesizeofthepressuregenerallydependsonthecharacteristicsoftheproduct.Whenprintingdots,thepressureisrelativelyhigher,thepressureofsmalltextlinescanbeslightlyhigher,andthelargecharactersandlargesolidproductscanberelativelysmall.

2.Thepressureoftheinktransferdevice

ThepressurebetweentheinktransferdeviceaniloxrollerandtheplaterolleristoevenlytransfertheinkontheaniloxrollertotheprintingThelayout,whetherthispressureiscorrectornot,hasalottodowiththeclarityoftheprinting.Theaniloxrollerputsgreatpressureontheplateroller,andtheprintedtextpatternsbecomethicker,doubleshadows,reversewhite,smallfontsareblurred,andtheflexographicdotswillbeprintedwithseriousenlargementoftheimage,whichwilldarkenandchangethetonelevel.Deep,poorimageclarity,andexcessivepressurewillreducetheprintingdurabilityoftheprintingplate,anditwillbeeasytopileupink,resultingin"irregularfattening"deformationdefectsduringprinting.Iftheembossingforceistoolight,theinkfromtheaniloxrollercannotbetransferredtotheprintingplate,soprintingcannotbeperformed,andthebestprintingpressureshouldbethehorizontalcontactbetweentheaniloxrollerandtheprintingplate.

3.Thepressureoftheimprintingdevice

Thispressurereferstotheprintingpressureoftheplaterollerandtheembossingrolleronthecardboard.Theeffectofthispressureisthattheinklayerontheprintingplateisaccurate.Thegroundistransferredtothecardboard.Thisisthefinalkeyintheprintingprocess.Ifthepressureistoohigh,theprintedflexodotsarespreading,theintermediatecolorislight,andthesurroundingisdeep,whichhasagreatinfluenceontheimagelevel.Theversionisspreadonbothsidesoftheimprint,smallfontsareeasytoblur,andthereisaclearsenseofdepressionwhentouchedbyhand.Thecorrectpressureisthatwhentheprintedsurface(protrudingpart)isincontactwiththecardboard,thedotexpansionisthesmallest,thewordlineisclear,nodoubleprintingisspread,allthetextimagesareprinted,andnoleakageisthebest.Thedepthofthepressintothecardboardshouldnotexceed0.3mm,andduringtheprintingprocess,itshouldbeadjustedatanytimeaccordingtothespecificprintingconditionstokeepitinthebestcondition.

Three-dimensionalprinting

Inthefieldofprinting,three-dimensionalprinting,whichreproducesthree-dimensionalimagesofobjectsinthree-dimensionalspace,hasbecomeanimportantcontentinthespecialprintingindustry.Theprincipleofthree-dimensionalprintingistosimulatethedistancebetweenhumaneyesandshootfromdifferentangles.Theleftandrightpixelsarerecordedonthephotosensitivematerial.Whenviewing,thelefteyeseestheleftpixelandtherighteyeseestherightpixel.TheprintedmatterproducedaccordingtothisprincipleiscalledForthree-dimensionalprinting.

Three-dimensionalprintinghasthefollowingcharacteristics:(1)Itcanrealisticallyreproduceobjectsandhasastrongthree-dimensionalfeeling.Theproductimageisclear,richinlayers,vividinimage,anddeepinartisticconception;

(2)Three-dimensionalprintedoriginalsareoftenmadefrommodelingdesignsorsceneryshots,whileprintedmaterialsaregenerallyselectedashigh-qualitycoatedpaperandhigh-temperatureinkPrinting,sotheglossisgood,thecolorisbright,anditisnoteasytofade;

(3)Thesurfaceoftheprintedproductiscoveredwithalayerofconcave-convexlenticularlenticularplate,whichcandirectlywatchthethree-dimensionaleffectofthepanoramicpicture.Fromtheperspectiveofpeople'sstereoscopicvisionofobjects,thestereoscopicvisionofobjectsmainlycomesfromtheaspectsofpeople'sphysiologicalfactors,experienceandpsychologicalfactors.

Actually,stereovisionisthestereoinformationformedbycombiningthesecomplexfactorsinthevisualprocess.Intermsofphysiologicalfactors,thereareparallax(binocularparallaxandmonocularmotionparallax),convergence,andaccommodation.Specifically,binocularparallaxisthefundamentalfactorforpeopletoobtainstereovision.Thatis,indailylife,whenpeopleobserveanobject,duetotheangleofviewbetweenthetwoeyesandotherreasons,theimageoftheobjectseenbytheleftandrighteyeswillbedifferent,thatis,Parallax,itgivespeopleasenseofthree-dimensionality.

Theeffectofthestereoimagemustbereflectedbythedisplaytechnology.Thestereoscopicdisplaymentionedherereferstothereproductionofthestereoinformationinthethree-dimensionalspaceoftheimage,whichisanotherbasicconditionforobtainingstereovision.Therearetwomainmethodsforachievingstereoscopicdisplay,namely,two-waydisplaymethodandmulti-waydisplaymethod.

(1)Two-waydisplaymethod.Itcanbedividedintothree-dimensionallensmethod,two-colorfiltermethod,polarizingfiltermethodandalternatedivisionmethod.Nomatterwhichmethodisadopted,thestereovisionisobtainedbyobservingtheimagewiththeleftandrighteyesrespectivelyusingbinocularparallax.Stereoscopicmethod:Thebasicprincipleofthestereoscopicmethodistouseastereoscopetoobservetheleftandrightgraphicstoformathree-dimensionalsense.Thismethodhasbeenwidelyusedsinceitsappearanceinthe19thcentury,butaspecialstereoscopemustbeused,otherwisetherewillbenostereovision.Two-colorfiltermethod:theleftandrightimagesareprintedinthesameplanewithredandblueinkrespectively,andtheprintedimageisobservedthroughtheredandbluecolorfilters.Sincethecolorfilterandtheinkhaveacomplementarycolorrelationship,theimageobservedthroughthecolorfilterisnotredandbluebutblack.Therefore,thismethodislimitedtoblackandwhitephotosandisnotsuitableforcolorprints.Inaddition,lightofdifferentwavelengthsentersthetwoeyesseparately,whichiseasytomaketheeyestired.Therefore,thismethodisrarelyusedexceptformakingaerialmaps.

Polarizingfiltermethod:Theleftandrightimagesareprojectedonthesameplanethroughorthogonalpolarizingfilters,andtheleftandrighteyesarealsoobservedwiththesamepolarizingfilters.Althoughthismethodrequiresspecialglasses,ithasbeenwidelyusedinstereomoviesandstereotelevisions.Alternatesegmentationmethod:Theleftandrightimagesarealternatelypresentedonthesameplaneandtheunnecessarypartsofthesameperiodarecoveredtoproduceathree-dimensionaleffect.Sincetheafter-imageeffectcancauseflashes,andthepriceofmaskingglassesisrelativelyhigh,thismethodhasnotbeenpopularizedsofar.(2)Multi-directionaldisplaymethod.Therearemainlyparallaxshieldingmethodandcylindricallensmethod.Parallaxmaskingmethod:Theparallaxmaskingmethod,alsocalledtheparallaxslitmethod,wasinventedbyFELvesin1930.Itsworkingprincipleistodividetheleft-eyeimageandtheright-eyeimagebyslits,exposethemonthefilm,andthendevelopthem.,Printingandprinting.Ifitisplacedinthesamepositionwhenshooting,andthetwoeyesarealsoplacedatthepositionwheretheimageisplaced,thestereoimagecanbeseen.Usingtheparallaxslitmethod,iftwoimagesarecombined,aparallaxstereoimagecanbeobtained.Iftheapertureratiooftheslitisreduced,multipleimagescanbesynthesized,andaparallaxpanoramicimagecanbeobtained.Intheparallaxslitmethod,inessence,thedecreaseintheamountoflightisinevitable.Therefore,inadditiontothecylindricallensmethodusedinphotography,itisgenerallyrarelyused.Cylindricallensmethod:Cylindricallenscanberegardedasalensplatecomposedofmanyconvexlenssheetssidebyside,whichhasthefunctionofimageseparation.Thebackofthislenscoincideswiththefocalplane.Duetotheimageseparationfunctionofthelens,theimagesA,B,C,Dineachdirectioncanbeseparatedintoa,b,c,dandrecordedonthefocalplane,aslongastheleftandrighteyesareplacedintheB,CPosition,youcanseethestereoimage.

Processtechnology

Duetotheexquisitestereoimagepixelsandthemagnificationofthelenticularlens,thenumberofscreenlinesmustbe120lines/cmormore.Three-dimensionalprintingandordinarycolorprintinghavedifferentscreenangles,andthesamescreenangleshouldbeusedforthecyanandblackversions.Inaddition,thethree-dimensionalprintingofdifferentgratingpitchesshouldhavedifferentcombinationsofthemeshlinesofthefourplatesofyellow,magenta,cyan,andblacktoavoidinterferencefringes.Nowadays,thescreenangleusedbygeneralmanufacturersathomeandabroadis:0.6gridpitch/cm,100lines/cmofcolorseparation,thenthescreenangledegreesareY81,M36,C66,K66;0.44gridpitch/cm,58lines/Forthecolorseparationofcm,thedegreeofthescreenangleisY50,M20,C65,K65;forthecolorseparationof0.31gridpitch/cm,81lines/cm,thedegreeofthescreenangleisY66,M22,C51,K51.Sincethethree-dimensionalmanuscriptiscomposedofcloselyarrangedpixels,thelenticularplatemustbecompoundedafterplatemakingandprinting.Whenchoosingthescreenlineangle,inadditiontothemoiréformedbetweenthescreens,attentionshouldalsobepaidtoeachscreen.Themoiréformedbythescreenangle,thepixellineandthelenticularplateline.

Forexample,3Dprintingshouldnotchoose0degrees,becausethehorizontalscreenlineisthemostobvious,and0degreesisorthogonaltothepixellineandthelenticularline,whichinterfereswiththeclarityanddepthoftheimage.Thescreenanglesoftheblueandblackplatesarethesameinthethree-dimensionalprinting,whichisdeterminedbyitsowncharacteristics.Becausethethree-dimensionalprintedmatterisfinallycompoundedwiththeplasticplate,andthelenticularlensplatemostlyhasacertaingrayscale,andbecausethethree-dimensionalprintingusesaveryfine300-linescreen,itonlyneedstobeexposedto8.5%or9whenprinting.Dots,otherwiseitiseasytopasteduringprinting,soyouneedtoincreasetheamountofcolorinthedarkareatoachieve9-9.5dotseffect.Therefore,thesoliddensityofthethree-dimensionalprintingishigherthanthatoftheflatfour-colorprinting.Generally:offsetprinting:Y:1-1.1,M:1.4-1.5,C:1.5-1.6;three-dimensionalprinting:Y:1.33-1.35,M:1.31-1.33,C:2.Ifthethree-colorprintinginkisclosetoneutralgrayafteroverprinting,inordertoreducetheerrorcausedbythefourthoverprinting,thereisnoneedtoprinttheblackplate.Youcantaketheblackplateandthegreenplateatthesameangleforflexiblecontrol.Inthecontinuousprintingofsmallformat,thetemperatureoftheexposurelightsourcewillcausethenegativefilmtoshrink,resultinginthechangeofthegridpitchofthefrontandrearframes,whichaffectstheaccuracyoftheprintingorientation.Therefore,itismostidealtomakethecolorseparationfilmintoawholenegativefilmforprinting.Whencopyingapositiveimage,alinefilmwiththesamewidthasthegratingpitchmustbecloselyattachedbetweenthenegativefilmandthephotosensitivefilm.TheprintingplateshoulduseaPSplatewithbettergradationperformance.

Theprintingmethodselectedforthree-dimensionalprintingshouldensurethatthethree-dimensionalfeelingisnotlostduetoprinting,theoverprintingaccuracyisgood,andalargenumberofprintingissuitable.

Lithographicoffsetprinting:betterplatemaking,printingoverprintingaccuracy,printingendurance,betterthree-dimensionalimpressionofprintedproducts,stableplatemaking,andmassproduction;

Photogravure:platemaking,Theprintingaccuracyisnotgood,theprintingenduranceisgood,thethree-dimensionaleffectoftheprintedproductisgood,butthemulti-colorprintingeffectisnotgood;Theprintingaccuracyisbetter,andthethree-dimensionaleffectisbetter,butitisnotsuitableformassproduction.

Three-dimensionalprintinggenerallyadoptsoffsetprintingprocess.Thequalityofthree-dimensionalprintinghasasignificantimpactontheintuitiveeffectofthree-dimensionalpictures.Duetothefocusingandobstructiveeffectofthegrating,thenetworklineisrequiredtobeclearandtheoverprintingisaccurate,theoverprintingerrorisnotallowedtoexceed0.02mm,andtheprintinginkisrequiredtobesmoothandnotfading.Useahigh-precisionfour-colorprintingmachinetoprint,andtherulesmustmeetstrictly,andtheworkshopmusthaveconstanttemperatureandhumidityconditions.Comparedwiththeaboveconditions,thethree-dimensionalphotousuallyadoptstheoffsetprintingmethod.Thephotographedthree-dimensionalimagenegativesareseparatedbyelectroniccolorseparationordirectscreeningphotography.

Technologyclassification

Tothemodernage,therearevariousprintingtechnologies;summarizedasdirectprinting;gravureprinting,letterpressprinting,letterpressprinting,screenprinting,hotstamping,etc.,Therearealsoindirectprinting;offsetprinting(offsetprinting),flexographicprinting,laserprinting,photocopying,copyingandsoon.

Applicationareas

Thehigh-precisionmoldingprocessmethodsusedinthefieldofelectronicengineeringmostlyusephotolithographyintheactualproductionindustry.

Theminimumlinewidthofcommercialelectronicengineeringcomponentsandopticalcomponents.Fromthepointofviewofthemassproductionprocessingmethod,thephotomaskmodelmustusethephotolithographyprocessbecauseitisatthenanometerlevel,but10μThemodelsofpicturetubebafflesandprintedcircuitboardswiththeabovelinewidthsarecurrentlymass-producedusingphotolithographytechnology.Thereasonisthatthismethodishighlyreliable.

AlthoughIthinkso,duetothewidespreaduseofelectronicengineeringinthefieldofopticalcomponents,coupledwiththerequirementforprocessingmethodstofurtherreducecosts,otherprocessessuchasprinting,inkjet,andelectrophotographyarebeingexploredtoreplace.

Printingmethod

Theprintingmethodofprintingtextandimagesonpaperorfilm.Accordingtotheshapeofthelayout,itcanbedividedintoletterpress,planographic,intaglio,andperforatedplates,dependingonthepurpose.use.Thesecommongeneralprintingtechnologieshavebeenevolving,fromsimulationtodigital,andthenconnectedtothenetworktochangetheirappearance.

HereIwillfocusonthestrengthofhigh-precisionprintingtechnologyanditsapplicationinelectronicengineeringtoanalyzethecurrentsituationofoffsetprinting(lithography)andscreenprinting(sperforation).Ingeneral,itcanbeconsideredthattheinkviscosityisrelativelyhighandthereproducibilityofthefilmthicknessisrelativelythin,andthefinelinereproducibilityseemstobebetter.

Asthemostpopularexampleofoffsetprinting,therehavebeencaseswherethecolorcoverofaweeklymagazinewasprintedwith700linesoverseas.Usually175linesareusedforprinting,butIsuddenlydecidedtouse700linesforprinting.Ofcourse,theexpressivenessoffinepartswillbeimproved.Animagethatisinvisibletothenakedeyecanbeclearlyrecognizedbylookingthroughamagnifyingglass.Becauseitisadot,althoughthethinlinewidthisdifficulttoshow,itcanstillshowupto20μ.However,thisonlyillustratestheprintedimage.Whenitcomestomodelreproductionforelectronicengineeringapplications,therequirementsaremuchstricter.Thisismainlyduetoinsufficientinkfilmthickness.

Inaddition,asanexampleofgravureprinting,thefinetextandfineshadingprintedonstocksandsecuritiesforanti-counterfeiting,ifyoulookatthispartoftheimagewithamagnifyingglass,youcanprobablyseeReproductionof10-20μthinlines.Generallyspeaking,comparedwithoffsetprinting,gravureprintingcanenhancethethicknessoftheinkfilm,soitisbeneficialtotheapplicationofelectronicengineering.

UsinggravureoffsetprintingtoprintLCDcolormirrors

HereisanexampleofusinggravureoffsetprintingtoprintLCDcolormirrors.Aprintingmethodinwhichinkisappliedtotheintaglioplateandtransferredtothesiliconblanket,andthentheentireamountistransferredtotheglassplate.Atthetimeofmassproduction,accordingtothedesignsize,acolormirrorwithalinewidthof40~50μwasprintedandputonthemarket.However,theremainingproblemistheflatnessofthemodelsurface.

Asamethodofimprovingflatness,aflipprintingmethodhasbeendeveloped.Thisistofirstcoattheinkdirectlyontheblanket,removetheunnecessarypartswithanegativereliefplate,andfinallytransferittotheplainglassplateinturn.Theflatnessofthemodeldependsentirelyontheuniformityandsmoothnessoftheinklayercoatedontheblanket.Therefore,itcanbesaidthatcomparedwiththegravureoffsetprintingmethod,thismethodfocusesontheeaseofflatnesscontrol.

MarketAnalysis

Thethreemajorglobalprintingmarkets

Theglobalprintingmarketisdividedintothreemajorsegments:theUnitedStates,EuropeandAsia.Itaccountsforonethirdoftheglobalprintingmarket.ThetotaloutputvalueofChina'sprintingindustryhasjumpedtothethirdplaceintheworldin2006.

Theglobalprintingmarketisvaluedat610billionUSdollars,withNorthAmericaaccountingfor32%,Europeaccountingfor32%,Asiaaccountingfor28%,andotherregionsaccountingfor8%.However,by2011,theglobalprintingmarketwill"moveeast":NorthAmericawillaccountfor28%,Europewillaccountfor31%,Asiawillaccountfor30%,andotherregionswillaccountfor11%.Thetotaloutputvalueoftheglobalprintingmarketwillreach720billionUSdollars.

TherearetwooppositetrendsintheEuropeanprintingmarket:theEasternEuropeanprintingmarketwillgrowat51%inthenextfiveyears,whileWesternEuropewillonlyhave12%.

Fromthechartoftheworld’stop12printingmarketsfrom2006to2011,ChinahasreplacedGermanyandtheUnitedKingdomasthethirdlargestprintingmarket.However,by2011,Indiawilljumpfrom12thto8th.AnothermarketwithsignificantgrowthisIndonesia,whichwillhaveatotalprintvolumeofUS$10billionin2011.

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