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Explanationofterms

1.Printpublicationsorelectronicpublicationsthatareregularlyissuedtothepublicmainlyforpublishingnewsandcurrentaffairsreviews.Itisanimportantcarrierofmasscommunicationandhasthefunctionofreflectingandguidingpublicopinion.

2.Sometimesnewspaperalsoreferstoakindofpaperusedtoprintnewspapersorgeneralbooks,namelynewsprint(whitenewspaper).

Developmenthistory

Earlydays

Asearlyas2000yearsago,similarmanuscriptsappearedinChina.Itwasusedbythegovernmentatthattimetocopytheemperor'sdecreeandtheofficialmemorialsandotherdocumentsandrelatedpoliticalpublications.Itwascalledthe"DiBao".Ithascertaincharacteristicsofnewspapers.Itcanberegardedastheearliestformof"governmentbulletin."TheTangdynasty"JinZouYuanZhuang",originallystoredinDunhuangMogaoGrottoes,istheearliestknownmanuscriptmanuscriptinChina,morethan1,000yearsago.

TheuseofprintingpressesappearedinEuropeinabout1450.ThenewspaperreportingonColumbus’sdiscoveryoftheNewWorldappearedin1493andwasthefirstnewspaperprintedinRomeatthattime.Thenewspapersatthattimewerenotpublishedeveryday,butonlytemporarilyprintedwhentherewasnewnews.

In1609,Thornepublishedthe"AvisuAffairs"inGermany,whichwaspublishedonceaweek.ThiswasthefirstnewspapertobepublishedregularlyintheWest.Soon,newspapersbecamepopularinEurope,andthesourcesofnewsreportsgenerallydependedonwell-connectedbusinessmen.

Thedailynewspaperwasfirstpublishedin1650andwaspublishedbyGermanTimothyRitz.Althoughithasonlybeenpublishedforabout3months,itisthefirstdailynewspaperintheworld.

ThefirstnewspaperinEuropewaspublishedinNorwayin1358.

In1907,theBritish"DailyMirror"publishedphotosforthefirsttimeinsteadofpictures.

TheancientChinesenewspaperindustry

Thepressandpublishingindustrybelievesthat"DiBao"istheearliestnewspaperinmycountry."Di"originallyreferstotheresidenceoftheofficialsoftheancientpilgrimagetothecapitalinBeijing.ItappearedasearlyastheWarringStatesPeriod.SomepeoplesaythatitbeganintheWesternHanDynasty.YanShigusaid:"Theresidenceoftheprefectureandthecountryistheresidenceofthemasterinthecapital.Theresidenceisthemostimportantthing,andthewordsgotothesame."Later,the"di"wasusedastheofficeofthelocalhigh-rankingofficialinBeijingtopassonthenews.Design,hencethename"DiBao"."Dibao"isalsoknownas"Dichao",anditisalsocalled"Dibao","Tiaobao"and"MiscellaneousNews."Andpoliticalintelligence,belongtonewscopy.

HanDynasty

TheprefecturesintheHanDynastyandthevassaltownsintheTangDynastyusedtosetup"residences"inthecapital.ItsfunctionisequivalenttothecurrentnewsagencyinBeijing,focusingonconveyingthenewsofthegovernment.Alltheemperor’sdecree,ministerialmemorials,appointment,dismissal,andtransferofrelevantofficialsareallthecontentthattheofficialsneedtocollectandtranscribe."DiBao"wasoriginallycopiedbytheimperialcourt,andthenpostedonthepalacegateandcopiedbyothers,soitwasalsocalled"GongmenChao"and"YuanmenChao".Thiswasactuallytheearliestnewsreleasemethod.

TangDynasty

The"KaiyuanZabao"oftheTangDynastywasaDibaoissuedduringtheKaiyuanperiod.Itwasprintedwithengravingandthequalitywasnotveryhigh.Originally,therewasnoregistration,becauseitwasissuedduringtheKaiyuanperiod,andlatergenerationscalledit"KaiyuanZabao"."MiscellaneousNews"isanothernameforDiBao.

SongDynasty

SongDynastynewspapershavemanytitles,suchas"Dibao","Zhaobao","Dichao","IntroductiontotheCourt","Report",etc."DiBao"isthemostcommontermamongthem.Thecontentsof"Dibao"mainlyincludetheedictsandordersoftheemperor,dailywordsanddeeds,lawsandregulationsofthecentralgovernment,bulletins,newsofofficialappointments,rewardsandpunishments,andministerialchapters.Thepublicationof"DiBao"isstrictlycontrolledbythecentralgovernment.Mostofthe"Dibao"oftheSongDynastywerecopiedbyhand,andthiswasdescribedinthebook"HailingCollection·LunbanTabloid"byZhouLinintheSongDynasty.

IntheSongDynasty,therewereprofit-makingmerchantswhospeciallycopiedDibaoforsale.Inordertosavetrouble,officialsarewillingtospendsomemoneytobuy.Probablylateritwasavailableforpurchasebecauseofmoney,sotherewasnoneedtocopyit.ThereleasetimeoftheSongDynasty"DiBao"tendedtobefixed.

AttheendoftheMingDynasty

IntheMingDynasty,theGeneralAdministrationDepartmentwasestablishedtopublishthe"DiBao"tomanagethepublicationanddistributionofthe"DiBao".AttheendoftheMingDynasty,movabletypeprintingbegantobeusedfor"DiBao"printing.IntheearlyQingDynasty,GuYanwusaid:"Recallingtheold'Dibao',itwasnotuntiltheeleventhyearofChongzhen(1638)thattherewasnoletterpress."

QingDynasty

"DiBao"wasrenamed"BeijingNews"andbecameanewspaperthatcanbereadbyofficials,scholars,andevencivilians.AttheendoftheQingDynasty,therewasa"BeijingNews"inadditiontoDichao,andthe"BeijingNews"hadaspecialnewspaperroomtomanageandoperate.Movabletypeprintingisgenerallyused.Becausetheprintingqualityispoor,somefontsareskewed,theinkcolorissloppy,theproofreadingisnotaccurateenough,andtherearemanytypos.However,duetoitsnovelcontent,saleswerequitegood.AftertheintroductionofWesternprinting,mycountryswitchedtotypeprinting.

HistoryofWesternNewspaperDevelopment

Newspapershavegonethroughalonghistorysincetheirbirth.In60BC,theancientRomanstatesmanCaesarconsideredeventsinRomeandthecountryWrittenonawhitewoodenboardtoinformthecitizens.ThisistheoldestnewspaperintheWest.TheearliestnewspaperinChinawastheDiBaooftheHanDynasty,whichappearedintheearlyWesternHanDynastyaroundthesecondcenturyBC,aboutacenturyearlierthanthe"MaijiWen"oftheRomanEmpire.

In1450,theGermanGutenberginEuropeinventedthemetalmovabletypeprintingtechnology,soprintednewspapersbegantobepublished.In1493,newspaperspublishedinRomepublishedthenewsofColumbus'svoyage.Newspapersofthetimewereonlypublishedwhenmajoreventsoccurred.

In1609,Germanytooktheleadinpublishingregularnewspapers.Althoughitwasaweeklynewspaper,itsoonspreadthroughoutEurope.Theworld'sfirstdailynewspaperwaspublishedinGermanyin1650.NewspapersdidnotappearinFranceuntil1631,butintheUnitedKingdom,thenewspaperswereonlydistributedduetopoliticaleventsatthattime.ThefirstnewspaperintheUnitedStateswasthe"BostonNewsletter"publishedbytheDirectoroftheBostonPostOfficein1704beforeindependence.HistorydevelopedtotheperiodoftheEuropeanbourgeoisrevolution.NewspapershavebeenpublishedinvariousEuropeancountriesoneafteranother,andarelovedandacceptedbymoreandmorepeople.

Fromtheendofthe19thcenturytothebeginningofthe20thcentury,newspapersrealizedtheprocessfrom"niche"to"mass",andexperiencedamajor"leap".Duringthisperiod,thecirculationofnewspapershasrisensharply,fromtensofthousandsofcopiesinthepasttohundredsofthousands,hundredsofthousandsorevenmillionsofcopies:thescopeofreadershasalsocontinuedtoexpand.Peopletomiddleandlower-levelpeople.Thisqualitativeleapresultingfromtheaccumulationofquantityannouncedanera—theeraofmasscommunication.This"leap"markedthepeakofthedevelopmentofcapitalism.

Comparedwiththe"nicheization"(aristocratization)offeudalsociety,thenewspapersandperiodicalsintheperiodofthebourgeoisrevolutionhavebecome"popular".TheIndustrialRevolutionpromotedtherapiddevelopmentofsocialproductiveforces,thusbringingthebourgeoisnewspaperindustryintoanewera-theperiodof"cheapnewspapers"(thatis,"popular"newspapers)aimedatordinarypeople.Duringthisperiod,asnewspapersgraduallycateredtothetastesofthelowerclassandweresoldatlowprices,thereadershipcontinuedtoexpand.However,the"popularization"inthisperiodonlyhadapreliminaryform,anditsdevelopmentwasalsoveryunstable,whichwasnotthesameasthelaterpopularizednewspapers.

Secondly,thisleappromotedtheprogressofbourgeoisdemocracy.Aftertheemergenceofpopularcheapnewspapersinthe19thcentury,especiallyafterthecompletionofthe"popularization"ofnewspapersattheendofthe19thcentury,newspapersnolongeracceptedpartisanallowancesandturnedtofreepublishingandindependentoperations.Thenewspaperalsonolongeracceptsanyformofnewscensorshipandenjoysarelativelysufficientpublishingcopyright,interviewrightsandpublishingrights.Intermsofcontent,newspapersfocusonvarioustypesofinformation,providereaderswithinformationaboutvariousmattersasmuchaspossible,andgivereaders,includingpeoplefromallwalksoflife,fullfreedomofexpression.Inthisprocess,newspapershaveplayedaroleofpublicopinionsupervisionasa"socialpublicinstrument",enablingtheprinciplesofopenness,justice,andfairnessadvocatedbythebourgeoisparliamentarydemocracytobeimplemented.Atthesametime,throughitsownpractice,thepresshassupplementedandrevisedtheprincipleofbourgeoisfreedomofspeech,givingitaricherconnotation.Thispromotedthedevelopmentofbourgeoisdemocracy.

Again,ithasalsopromotedsocialandeconomicdevelopment.NewspapersinthemodernsensecameintobeingwhenthecapitalisteconomydevelopedrapidlyaftertheIndustrialRevolution.Hestartedfromtheemergenceof"popular"newspapersinthe19thcenturyandimplementedcorporateoperations,reducingprices,advertising,andexpandingdistributionashiswayofsurvival.,Thusbecominganindependenteconomicentitythatisresponsibleforitsownprofitsandlosses.Attheturnofthecentury(theendofthe19thcenturyandthebeginningofthe20thcentury),capitalistcompetitionbecameincreasinglyfierceandabuyer'smarketgraduallyformed.Inordertowinthecompetition,merchantsadoptvariousmethodstopromoteproductsandexpandsales.Inthisprocess,newspapers,asacarrierofpublicinformation,havebecomemoreandmorepopularamongthem.Asaresult,newspaperswithalargecirculationreceivedalargenumberofadvertisements,andadvertisementsstimulatednewspaperstolowertheirprices,expandtheirdistribution,andwinmorereaders.Thiscanattractmoreadvertisements,andasaresult,ahugeamountofadvertisingexpensescomefromasourceandbecomeamajorincomeofthenewspaper.Afterthe20thcentury,withthefurtherdevelopmentofthecapitalisteconomyandtheintensificationofproductionandcapitalconcentration,thereweremoreandmoreadvertisementsinnewspapers,andtheproportionofadvertisingrevenueinthetotalincomeofnewspapersalsoincreased.TakethefamousAmericannewspaper"TheNewYorkTimes"asanexample.Thenewspaperpublishesalargenumberofadvertisements,whichtogetheraccountfortwo-thirdsofthenewspaper'stotallength;30%ofitstotalrevenuecomesfromnewspaperdistributionand70%fromadvertisements.Advertisements"feed"thenewspaperandbecomeitseconomiclifeline;atthesametime,bypublishingadvertisementsandpromotingproducts,newspapersinturnbecomeadrivingforceforeconomicdevelopment.Itinitiatesconsumption,balancessupplyanddemand,andpromotesmarketprosperity,therebycontributingtosocialandeconomicdevelopment.

Finally,theleapofthenewspaperindustrypromotedtheindustrializationofnewsmedia.Aftertheindustrialrevolution,withthedevelopmentofthecommodityeconomy,thecommodityattributesofnewspapershavebecomeincreasinglyprominent,andthenewspaperindustryhasgraduallytransitionedfromsmall-scaleproductiontocorporatemanagement,andhasincreasinglybecomeaprofitableandlucrativecapitalistindustry.Attheendofthe19thcentury,withthetransitionfromliberalcapitalismtomonopolycapitalism,newspapercapitalquicklyconcentrated,andthenewspapermonopolyorganization"papergroup"emerged,whichformedthepatternofmediaindustrialization.Bytheendofthe20thcentury,thesenewspapergroupshavedevelopedintoamediaindustrygroupwithstrongfinancialresources,multi-angleextensions,andtransnationaloperations.Forexample,TimeWarner,theworld'slargestmediacompany,hasmadeafull-scaleattackinthefieldsofnewspapers,bookpublishing,music,movies,andcabletelevision,andhasstrongvitality.

China’smodernnewspaperindustry

Chinaprintedtheworld’sfirstnewspaper-Tianbao4thyear(AD745)in1582,abouttheendoftheMingDynastyandhaditsfirstprivatenewspaperinBeijing.Publishednewspapers;

Thefirstofficialnewspaper---"BeiyangOfficialNewspaper"(1902,TianjinestablishedtheGeneralAdministrationofthecountryissued)thefirstChinesebusinessnewspaper---"HongKongSino-foreignNews"(1858,HongKong);

Thefirstcommercialnewspaper——-"HongKongShipHeadPricePaper"(1857,HongKong);

ThefirstpublishedinChinaChinesenewspapersandperiodicals—“MonthlyGeneralRecordsofEasternandWesternTests”(1833,Guangzhou);

ThefirstEnglishnewspaper—GuangzhouRecord(GuangdongChronicle)(1827,Guangzhou)—English);

Thefirstdomesticmodernnewspaper(andalsothefirstforeign-languagenewspaper)—"BeeChineseNewspaper"(1822,Macau—Portuguese);

ThefirstmodernChinesenewspaper(alsothefirstreligiousnewspaper)---"MonthlyRecordsoftheChaseSecular"(1815,Singapore).

Publicationpositioning

Content

Newspaperreferstothepublicationofnewsandnewsreviewsasnormalloosepages,withoutbindingandwithoutcoverPaperpublications.Ithasafixednameandisissuedtothepubliconaregularandcontinuousbasis.Modernnewspapersarepublishedonceaday,calleddailyjournals;oronceaweek,calledweeklyjournals.Newspapersinthissenseonlyappearedinmodernsociety.The"newspapers"inancientsocietieswereeithernotpaper-based,orprinted,orissuedirregularlyandcontinuously,andinacertainsense,theywerenotopentothepublic.

Theimmediateoriginofmodernnewspapersistheprintednewsprint(singlepieceofnewsleaflet)thatbegantoappearinGermanyinthe15thcentury.The"FrankfurtNews",foundedin1615,isgenerallyregardedasthefirst"real"newspaperbecauseithasafixednameandispublishedregularlyeveryweek.Eachpieceofpapercontainsseveralpiecesofnewsinsteadofasinglepieceofnews(butthenewspaperisSingle-sidedprinting).TheEnglishterm"newspaper"(Newspaper)firstappearedinthefirstBritishnewspaper"OxfordBulletin"in1665.Theearliestdailynewspaper"NewArrivalNews"appearedinLeipzig,Germanyin1650,butthedailynewspaperbecametheprotagonistofthenewspaperafterthe18thcentury.Thepopularityofdailynewspapersmarksthematurityofthejournalismindustryinacountryorregion.Becauseofthecontinuouspublicationofdailynewspapers,higherrequirementsaresetforthecollectionanddistributionofinformation,printingtechnology,thequalityofjournalists,andthelevelofmanagementpersonnel.

Regardlessofthesizeofanewspaper,itiscomposedofaheader,newsletter,layout,andcolumns.Themastheadisalwaysplacedinthemostprominentposition,mostlyintheupperleftcornerofapage,andsomeinthemiddleofthetopofthepage.Themostimportantthingonthemastheadistheregistration,whichisusuallyinscribedincalligraphybycelebrities,andsomearewritteninbold.Theeditorandpublicationdepartment,publicationregistrationnumber,totalissuenumber,publicationdate,etc.areoftenindicatedinsmallprintbelowtheheader.ThepublicationregistrationnumberindicatesthatthisnewspaperhasbeenregisteredwiththeNationalPressandPublicationAdministration,andthatunregisterednewspapersandperiodicalscannotbepubliclydistributedregardlessoftheircontent.Asmallsectionnexttothemastheadiscommonlyknownas"reporting."Therearenorulesonthecontentarrangementof"Reports".Someareusedtopostcontentsynopses,calendarsandweatherforecasts,someareusedtopostimportantnewsorpictures,andsomeareusedtopostadvertisements.Locatedinthe"newseye"position,advertisingcostsareparticularlyhigh.Thepagepositionofthenewspaperiscalledtheposition.Foranewspaper,thefirsteditionisthenewsedition,andthenewsonthiseditionismoreimportantthantheothereditions.Inthelayoutofahorizontalnewspaper,theupperleftcornerismoreimportantthantheupperrightcorner.Thesizeofthefontusedinanewspapernewsheadlinecanalsoindicatewhetheritisimportant.Theheadlineisthetitleofthenewsandarticlespublishedinthenewspaper,usedtosummarizeandremindthecontentofthesenewsandarticles,tohelpreadersunderstandtheirmeaningandessence.Therefore,readerscanunderstandthenewspaper'sposition,viewpoints,andattitudesfromthepositionandsizeoftheheadline,arousinggreaterinterestinreadingthenewspaper.Columnsareplaceswheresimilararticlesarepublishedinregularperiodicalsofnewspapers.The"ScienceandTechnologyWorld","InternationalOutlook",and"LettersfromReaders"areoftenseeninnewspapers.Inadditiontothecolumns,therearesomeirregularspecialeditionswithalargerscopethanthecolumns.Forexample,organizeabatchofspecialeditionsforessaysonwhatfestivalstocelebrate;organizesomespecialeditionsfordiscussiononissuesthatarousewidespreadinterestfromreaders.Thesespecialeditionshaveacertaintime,notasfixedasregularcolumns.Advertisementisacommonmeansofpropagandaincontemporarynewspapers.Herearemainlycommercialadvertisements,aswellassomeannouncements,notices,notices,andculturalandentertainmentadvertisements.Newspaperschargeacertainamountofadvertisingfeeforthebasicconstructionofthenewspaperoffice.

Publicationdevelopment

Intheearlydays,newspapersandmagazinesweremixed.Therewerenews,variousessaysandliteraryworks,andtheyweresimplyboundintoabook.Thenewspapersandmagazinesofthisperiodareusuallycalled"newspapers"ingeneral.Theearlyconceptsof"newspapers"inBritain,France,andChinaareusedinthissense.Fromthe18thcenturyinBritainandFrance,newspapersandmagazinesbegantobeclearlyseparated.Abouttwodecadesaftertheemergenceofmodern"newspapers"inChina,thedistinctionbetweennewspapersandmagazinesbecameclear.

Thenewspapercanbeusedasacommodityorasapropagandamaterialforpoliticalstruggles.Inhistory,mostnewspapersinWesterndevelopedcountrieshaveexperiencedthreedevelopmentperiods:theperiodofofficialnewspapers,theperiodofpartynewspapers,andtheperiodofcommercialnewspapers.Intheperiodofofficialnewspapers,forthefeudalkings,newspapersweremainlypropagandamaterialsforpoliticalstruggles,butforpublishersoffranchisednewspapers,itwasacommoditythatwasprofitablebyselling.Duringtheperiodofpartynewspapers,quiteafewnewspapersbelongedtovariouspoliticalpartiesorfactionstopromotetheirowninterests,buttherewerealsolargercommercialnewspaperswithobviouspoliticalinclination.Inthemid-nineteenthcentury,mostnewspapersinmajorcapitalistcountriessuchastheUnitedStatesandtheUnitedKingdomweresocheapthatthepriceofeachnewspaperwasonlythesmallestunitofnationalcurrency(cents,pennies).Whennewspapersfacedthelowerclassofthepublic,theybegantostriveforthepublicasmuchaspossible,withprofitasthemainpurpose.Thus,thepartynewspaperperiodendedandenteredthecommercialnewspaperperiod.

Inordertomaximizecirculation,inadditiontopublishingnewsandstrengtheningthepopularizationofnews,newspapersareincreasinglyaddingentertainmentcontent.Inthecompetitionwithelectronicmedia,in-depthreportsofnewspapernewshavereceivedgreaterattention.

Popularnewspapershavegraduallyoccupiedalargeshareoftheoverallnewspaper.However,theso-called"high-endnewspapers"thattargetthemiddleandupperclassesofthepublichavegraduallystabilized,sopopularnewspapersand"high-endnewspapers"havebeenformed.Respectivelivingspace.Theformerhasahugecirculationandmakesmoreprofits,whilethelatterhasalimitedcirculation,butitoccupiesadominantpositionininfluencingpublicopinionandwinningreputation.Countrieswherethissituationismoreobvious,suchastheUnitedKingdomandGermany;whileinothercountries,thedivisionisnotveryclear,suchastheUnitedStates,France,andJapan.

Publicationintroduction

Classification

Publicationperiod:Dailynewspaper,weeklynewspaper,bi-weeklynewspaperorlongernewspaper;

Publicationtime:Daily,Morning,Morning,Evening;

Politics:LeftandRight;

Chargingornot:paidnewspapers,freenewspapers;

Mediaformat:printednewspapers,onlinenewspapers,e-newspapers,e-handsAccounteditionnewspaper;

Focusoncontent:Educationnewspaper,militarynewspaper,studentnewspaper,academicnewspaper,financialnewspaper,agriculturalnewspaper,tourismnewspaper,etc.

Organization

Thebasicorganizationalstructureinvolvedinmakinganewspaper:

1.Editor:Responsibleforarrangingtheplacementofeachpieceofnewsanddraftingthetitle,reviewingthecontent,Andevendeploytheworkofreporters;

2.Reporters:interview,shoot,writearticles;

3.Proofreading:checktypos;

4.Printandpublish.

Functions

Withregardtothefunctionsofnewspapers,differentviewscanbedrawnfromdifferentangles.Forexample,fromtheperspectiveofpoliticalpartyorgannewspapers,thefunctionsofnewspapersareasMaoZedongsaid:"Thenewspaper’sTheroleandstrengthliesinitsabilitytoenabletheparty’sprogramline,principles,policies,worktasksandworkingmethodstomeetwiththemassesmostquicklyandwidely.”ThegeneralizationofthefunctionsofnewspapersbytheFrenchjournalistBernardVaennecanbeAcceptedfromallaspects:themainreportingfunction,thesubsequentdebatefunction(thatis,thefunctionofdisseminatingopinions),andtheincidentalentertainmentfunction.

Advantages

1.Itcanbereadatanytime,withouttimelimit,andwillnotmisstheinformationreportedatthespecifiedtimelikeaTVorradioprogram;

2Tocirculatetoeachother,thenumberofreaderscanbeseveraltimesthenumberofprints;

3.Evenpeoplewithlowreadingorcomprehensionskillscanspendmoretimeandabsorbnewsfromnewspapers;

4.WiththeriseoftheInternet,thecirculationofonlinenewspapersisstrongerthanthatoftraditionalprintednewspapers.

Disadvantages

1.Duetodeadlinesandpublicationfactors,unabletoprovidethelatestinformationandreal-timecorrectioninformation;

2.ToomuchpaperbringscarryingandcirculationTheinconvenience;

3.ComparedwiththevideoclipsofTVandradio,theimpactandappealofpicturesandtextisrelativelylow;

4.Itiseasytobecontaminatedwithinkdirt.

Noun

[SatelliteNewspaper]

SatellitenewspaperisamodernnewspapermediainventedbytheDutchcompanySatlliteNewspapersWorldwide.Mode-SatelliteNewspaperSystem(KIOSKS).Throughthesatellitesystem,theoriginalnewspaperinformationofvariouscountriesiscollectedandsenttoeachpatentedterminaldevice.Readerspayforthepurchaseofnewspapersbymeansofcreditcardsorspecialcards.Itenablesreadersdistributedallovertheworldtoprintoutthenewspaperofthedaythatreaderswanttoreadinrealtimethroughlocalterminals,andrealizetheglobaldailydistributionandinstantreadingofnewspapermedia.

[InternetNewspaper]

Fromaglobalperspective,thepracticeofestablishingawebsiteontheInternettopublishonlinenewspapersbeganin1994andendedin1994.Attheendoftheyear,atotalof78newspaperspublishedonlineeditions.By1997,thenumberofonlinenewspapershadgrowntomorethan1,900.AtthebeginningofOctober1998,thedatapublishedonthewebsiteoftheAmericanNewsReviewshowedthatthenumberofonlinenewspapersintheworldhadincreasedto4,295,andattheendof1998to4,925.Today,thedevelopmentofonlinenewspapersisadvancingbyleapsandbounds.

Developmentstage:

(1)Theelectronicversionstage,thatis,allcontentontheInternetisacopyofapapernewspaper.

(2)Hyperlinkstage,thatis,throughhyperlinkswithspecificcolorsontheweb,readerscanjumpfromthiswebsitetoanotherwebsitethroughthelinkatanytimetoseektheinformationtheyneed.Atthesametime,BBS,mailinglistsandotherserviceshavebeenopenedonthewebsitesofvariousonlinenewspapersfortheaudiencetopublishinformationontheInternet.

(3)Inthemultimediastage,duetothelimitationsoftechnicallevelandequipmentperfection,itwilltaketimefornetworknewspaperstoreachthecompletemultimediastage.

[ElectronicNewspaper]

Electronicnewspaper,publishedbytheColumbusTelegraphintheUnitedStatesLaunchedin1981.Thereader'shomeisequippedwithacomputerterminalconnectedtothecomputercenter,andthecomputercanprovideavarietyofnewspapercontentatthesametime,whichcanbeselectedandreadbythereader.

[PopularNewspapers]

Popularnewspapersarealsocalledcheapnewspapers.Aftertheemergenceofmodernnewspapers,ithasexperiencedtheeraofpartynewspapersand"yellownewspapers".Inthe1830s,therewasa"newspaperthateveryonereads"-popularnewspapers.Thecharacteristicsofpopularnewspapersare:first,thecontentismainlytoreportnews,socialeventsandprovideentertainment;second,thecirculationislarge,generallyTensofthousands,hundredsofthousandsofcopies;third,readersarenotlimitedtospecificsocialgroups,butareorientedtoascattered,heterogeneous,andnon-quantitativemajorityofaudiences;fourth,advertisingrevenuehasbecomethemainsourceoffinancefornewspaperoperations.Theemergenceofmassnewspapersmarkedthebeginningoftheeraofmasscommunicationformankind.

[Newspapereditingwork]

Newspapereditingwork:referstoaseriesofworkcarriedoutbynewspapereditorsintheproductionprocessofnewspapers.Thebusinessscopeofnewspapereditingincludesthreeparts:planning,drafting,andpublishing.Planningreferstonewspaperplanningandreportplanning;manuscripteditingreferstoanalysisandselectionofrevisedmanuscriptsandproductionofheadlines;groupeditionreferstothecontentoftheconfigurationeditionandthedesignofthenewspaperlayout.

[NewspaperEditingPlanning]

Newspapereditingplanning:isthedecision-makinganddesignworkofnewspapereditorsinnewsgatheringandpublishingactivitiesItisanimportantpartofthenewspaperproductionsystem,andisthepositioninganddesignofthecommunicationcontentandformofthenewspaperasawholeanditscomponents.

[Newspaperstylecharacteristics]

Newspaperstylecharacteristicsrefertotheoverallstructureofthenewspaper,thecommunicationmethod,thecontentofthecommunicationandtheimageofthepage.Thestyleandcharacteristics.Itisdeterminedbythenatureofthenewspaper,thepurposeofrunningthenewspaper,andthetargetaudience.

Thelayoutofthenewspaperisalsodeterminedbythecontentofthenewspaper.Theimportantoneswillbedisplayedprominentlyinlargefonts,whiletherestwillbearrangedinsmallfonts,buttheimportantcontentcanalsobeseenbythetypesettingstaff.Understandingofcontentandnews.

Thereareoftenillustrationsinnewspapers.Suchillustrationscanalsotellthatthecharactersarenotinlinewiththecontentofthenewspaper.Thelayoutdesignhighlightsthecharacterofthenewspaperreporter.

[Newspaperlevel]

Thelevelofnewspaperreferstothelevelofthenewspaper’sideological,cultural,andprofessionalskills.ItspecificallydisseminatescontentthroughthenewspaperThedepth,breadth,language,layoutdesign,plateprintingandotherfactorsarecomprehensivelyexpressed.

Terminology

Media

NewsAgency

XinhuaNewsAgency

AssociatedPress(USA)AssociatedPressAP

AFP(France)AgencyFrancePressAFP

TASS(Russia)Tass

Reuters(UK)Reuter`sNewsAgencyReuter

Kyodo(Japan)KyodoNewsservicesKyodo

"Newspaper"(U.S.Newspaper)Press

"WallStreetJournal"(U.S.Newspaper)WallStreetJournal

"TheTimes"(Britishnewspaper)Times

"YomiuriShimbun"(Japanesenewspaper)MainichiDailyNews

"ChinaDaily"ChinaDaily

"People'sDaily"People`sDaily

"LiberationDaily"LiberationDaily

"Workers'Daily"Workers`Daily

"Farmers'Daily"Peasants`Daily

"GuangmingDaily"GuangmingDaily

"EconomicDaily"EconomicDaily

"ChinaYouthNews"ChinaYouthNews

ChinaEducationJournal

NewsCommunication

EditorialDepartment

Publisher

President

Editingdesk

Slotman;copyeditor

Managingeditor;editor-in-chief

Editor

Femaleeditoreditress

Cableeditor

Newseditor

Localeditor

TitleeditorHeadliner

Supplementeditor

Pictureeditor

Sportingeditor

Sportingeditor

Featureeditor

Proof-reader

InterviewDepartment

Chiefreporter

Reporter;newsman;newshawk;legman;

Reporternewspaperman;mewshound

InterviewreporterParagrapher

Warcorrespondent

Pressphotographer

Keyholereporter

Staffwriter

Specialcorrespondent

Correspondent

StaffwriterX-basedreporter

correspondentAcereporter;starreporter

Newswoman;newshen

Journalist

Columnist

p>

Newsanalyst

Commentator

Editorialwriter

Advertisedepartment

Advertise;Advertizer

Advertisingagency

Mass-communicationcompany

NewscasterAnchorman;anchorwoman

NewspaperTerminology

newspaper

TheearliestmorningpaperBulldogedition

Morningpaper

Journal;Daily

Noonpaper

Eveningpaper;afternoonpaper

Express

Extra

NewsWeeklyWeekly

Organ

PartyOrgan

Gazette;communique

Semi-officialnewspaper

Tradepaper

Airedition

Internationaledition

p>

Newssource

OfficialMouthpiece

Officialannouncement

Officiousannouncement

Hotnews

Backgroundnews

Wellinformed

Reliablesource

Authoritative

p>

Extranumber

"Cihai"explainedtheextranumberofnewspapersas:"Thenewspapersandperiodicalsthatarepublishedregularlyhavebeenpublishedinthepreviousissueandthenextissuehasnotbeenpublishedforaperiodoftime.Newsandspecialevents,(newspapers)temporarilycompiledandprintedtoreporttoreadersquicklyandinatimelymanner,arenamedbecausetheyarenotincludedintheoriginalnumber."

Thereshouldbethreeelementsinthenewspaper'sextra:first,thecontentmustbeimportantnewsandspecialevents;second,thetimeshouldbetemporarilypublishedbetweenthetwoissues;third,noserialnumber.(Itdoesnotmatterwhetherthereisanissueornot.)

Newspaperextrashave2majorfeatures:1)Mostextrasarefreelypresented;2)Someare“majornews”,“goodnews”,“extraordinarynews”,“specialreports”,and“specialissues”Evenifthewords"extra"arenotmarked,theyshouldberegardedas"extra"newspapers.

Namesofnewspapersinvariouscountries

Asia

Japan

YomiuriShimbun

TheAsahiShimbun

MainichiShimbun

NihonKeizaiShimbun(NihonKeizaiShimbun)

ChunichiShimbun

SankeiShimbun

TokyoSportsNews(TokyoSports

NikkanSports

HokkaidoShimbun

SportsNippon

TheNikkanGendai

YukanFuji

ShizuokaShimbun

SankeiSports

HochiShimbun(HochiShimbun)

NishinipponShimbun

DailySports

TokyoShimbun(KyotoNews)Shimbun)

KobeShimbun

ChinaNews(ChugokuShimbun)

HebeiXinbao(KahokuShimpo)

SouthKorea

TheChosunIlbo(TheChosunIlbo)

JoongangIlbo(JoongangIlbo)

Dong-AIlbo(Dong-AIlbo)

Singapore

LianheZaobao

TheStraitsTimes

MainlandChina

ShijiazhuangDaily

YanzhaoEveningNews

NewMetropolisDaily

GaoyouDaily

LiaoshenEveningNews

NewBusinessNews

NewDailyNews

TonightNews

ChongqingMorningNews

ChongqingEveningNews

HarbinDaily

YangchengEveningNews

GuangzhouDaily

NewExpress

ShenyangEveningNews

ThePeninsulaMorningPost

TimesCommercialDaily

DalianCommercialDaily

SouthernMetropolisDaily

SouthernWeekend

PeopleDaily

ReferenceNews

GlobalTimes

ChinaYouthDaily

BeijingEveningNews

BeijingYouthDaily

p>

BeijingMorningNews

BeijingTimes

BeijingEntertainmentNewspaper

ChinaTimes

NewsMorning

EveningNews

XinminEveningNews

ShenjiangServiceGuide

21stCenturyBusinessHerald

ShenzhenSpecialZoneNews

ShenzhenEveningNews

StraitMetropolisDaily

XiamenDaily

FujianDaily

StraitGuide

FuzhouDaily

FuzhouEveningNews

SoutheastExpress

YangtzeEveningNews

NanjingServiceHerald

JiangnanEveningNews

YanzhaoMetropolisDaily

DaheNews

CityMorningNews

ZhengzhouEveningNews

QiluEveningNews

JinanTimes

ThePeninsulaMetropolisDaily

ChengduCommercialDaily

WestChinaMetropolisDaily

ChengduEveningNews

QianjiangEveningNews

Today’sMorningNews

TianfuMorningNews

ChineseBusinessNews

SanqinMetropolisNews

Xi’anEveningNews

p>

YangtzeRiverDaily

ChutianMetropolisDaily

WuhanMorningNews

WuhanEveningNews

XiaoxiangMorningNews

XiangShengNews

ChangshaEveningNews

ModernBusinessNews

HainanDaily

HaikouEveningNews

SpecialZoneTimes

ChongqingCommercialDaily

QuanzhouEveningNews

SoutheastMorningNews

ChinaBusinessTimes

FinancialTimes

p>

AnshanDaily

BallNews

EconomicObserverNews

QianshanEveningNews

SportsWeekly

21stCenturyTalentNews

ChinaTaiwanRegion

LibertyTimes

AppleDaily

UnitedNews

ChinaTimes

EconomicDaily

BusinessTimes

People'sDaily

TaiwanTimes

CentralDailyNewspaper

ChinaDaily

YouthDaily

TaiwanXinshengDaily

p>

WealthExpress

MandarinDaily

TaiwanLiPao

HongKong,China

EconomicDaily

MingPao

SingTaoDaily

OrientalDaily

TheEconomicDaily

WenWeiPao

TaKungPao

SouthChinaMorningPost

NewEveningNews

SingPao

AppleDaily

BusinessDaily

GongjiaoDaily(Catholic)

TheStandardNews

MetroDaily

HeadlineDaily

ExpressWeekly

SouthChinaMorningPost

Macao,China

(IncludingChinese,EnglishandPortugueseeditions.Daily,weekly,monthly,etc.)

PopularDaily

CitizenDaily

RegularReport

Star

ModernMacauDaily

OverseasChineseDaily

MacauDaily

NewChinaDaily

TheNewspaper

MacaoPulse

MacaoCulturalandEntertainmentNews

CurrentAffairsNews

SportsWeekly

MacaoObserver

MacaoLaborNews

p>

ProductNews

ClarionNews

MacaoToday

MacaoTribune

PeriodReport

MacauPost

MacaoDailyTimes

Russia

MoskovskiyKomsomolets

LaborNews(Trud)

Notices

Pravda

MoscowTimes

MoscowNews

Philippines

BusinessDaily(Chinese)

StarNews

DailySurvey

Indonesia

JakartaPost

Malaysia

NanyangCommercialDaily

India

DainikJagran

TheTimesofIndia

DainikBhaskar

BeautifulMalayalam(MalayalaManorama)

GujaratSamachar

AnandaBazarPatrika

Eenadu

Hindustan

Mathrubhumi

TheHindu

PunjabLionKesari)

RajasthanPatrika

DailySakal

Today(AJ)

DailyThanthi

Sandesh

TheHindustanTimes

Thailand

ThaiRath

DailyNews

Seethebloodnewspaper(KomChadLuek)

Matichonnewspaper(Matichon)

NewNewspaper(KhaoSod)

Europe,America

UnitedStates

USAToday

TheWallStreetJournal

TheNewYorkTimes(TheNewYorkTimes)Times)

LosAngelesTimes

Al-Ahram

NewYorkDailyNews

p>

TheWashingtonPost

NewYorkPost

ChicagoTribune

ChristScientologyMonitor

SanJoseMessenger

Cuba

Gramma

Argentina

TheBuenosAiresHerald

Brazil

BrazilDaily

UnitedKingdom

TheSun

TheDailyMail

TheDailyMirror(DailyMirror)

DailyExpress

DailyStar

TheTimes

SundayTimesNewspaper

FinancialTimes

TheObserver

TheDailyTelegraph

TheGuardian

TheEconomist

p>

France

LeMonde

LePoint

LeFigaro(LeFigaro)

Libération

L'Express

LeNouvelObservateur

LesEchos

L'Humanité

L'Ouest-France

Germany

b>

PictureReport(BILD)

WAZReport(WAZMediengruppe)

CologneReport(ZeitungsgruppeK?ln)

LeMonde

FrankfurtNewspaper

Mirror

Italy

Newspaper

EveningPost

CzechRepublic

PraguePost

Bulgaria

SofiaEchoes

Vatican

RomeObserver

Austria

KronenZeitung

Netherlands

DeTelegraaf

p>

Ireland

TheIrishTimes

Pakistan

Jang(Jang)

DawnNews

Nepal

NepalNews

Israel

Haarez

Iraq

IraqNews

Jordan

TheJordanTimes

UnitedArabEmirates

KhaleejTimes

Palestine

TheJerusalemTimes

Oceania

AustraliaDaily

Africa

MiddleEastTimes(Egypt)

CommonSense

Opening:thesizeoftheentirenewspaper.Itiscalledaftertheopeningofthewhitepaper.Anewspaperthatisthesizeofahalf-blanknewspaperiscalledabignewspaper;anewspaperthatisthesizeofaquarterofablanknewspaperiscalledatabloid.Theformerinclude"People'sDaily","GuangmingDaily",and"MinxiDaily";thelatterincludes"ReferenceNews","XinminEveningNews"and"StraitMetropolisDaily".

Layout:referstotheoveralllayoutofvariousmanuscriptsontheplaneofeachpageofthenewspaper.Itcollectivelyreflectsthepropagandaandreportingintentionsofthenewspapereditorialdepartmentandiscalledthe"faceofthenewspaper."Newspapersinourcountryusuallyhavefourtoeightpages,andtherearealsomorethaneightpages.Thefirsteditionisthe"Newspaper",whichranksfirstinimportanceamongalleditions;theothereditionsare"divisionaleditions"(suchas"localedition","supplementedition","internationaledition",etc.),withnomajororsubordinate.

Position:Thepositionofthelayoutindicatesthedegreetowhichreadersvaluethesepositions.Accordingtothedirectionofthetextarrangement,people'svisualphysiology,andthehabitsofreadingnewspapers,thetopisusuallymoreimportantthanthebottom,andtheleftismoreimportantthantheright(inaverticalnewspaper,therightismoreimportantthantheleft).

Platecenter:Referstotheplacewheretextorpicturescanbearrangedinalayoutexceptforthewhitebordersaroundit,thatis,thecapacityofthelayout.Thesizeofapageisdeterminedbyfactorssuchastheopeningofthenewspaper,thestatusofitscolumns,andthesizeofthebasicfont.Thenewspapersarenotexactlythesame.

Masthead:Theplacewheretheregistrationisplacedonthefirstpageofthenewspaper,usuallyatthetopofthepage(Inadditiontotheregistration,theheaderofahorizontalnewspaperalsopublishesthedateofthenewspaper’sinauguration,thetotalnumberofissues,andthenumberofnewspaperpagesontheday.Andthepublicationdate,somealsoindicatethatitisanorganization’sofficialnewspaper,etc..

Reporter:Asmallsectionnexttotheregistration.Usuallypublishedsomeseparate,moreimportanttextsandPicturemanuscripts,aswellasthecontentsummary,weatherforecast,andcalendarofthenewspaperoftheday.

Middleseam:Thegapbetweentwoadjacentpagesofthenewspaper(suchasthefirstandfourthpages,andthesecondpage).Andthethirdedition),generallypublishknowledgeessays,TVshows,movieadvertisements,announcements,etc..

Headline:Positionreferstotheupperpartofeachpage.Placingnewspapersontherightisthemostimportant.

Themagicaluseofnewspapers

Manynewspapersboughtbypeoplefeeluselessafterreadingthem,andthrowthemeverywhere.Infact,wastenewspapersareusedformanypurposes:

1.Wipetheglass:firstspraysomewateronthenewspaper,thenwipeitcarefully,andfinallywipeitwithdrynewspaperoncetomaketheglassverybright.

2.Wipethebathtub:Thedirtdepositedonthebathtubisnoteasytocleanafterusingitforalongtime.Youcanspreadsomeoldnewspapersonthebathtubtoabsorbthemoistureandwipeitgently.Afteroneortwotimes,thebathtubwillnaturallybecomeclean.

3,Preservingvegetables:Ifthevegetablesyoujustbought,suchasgreenonions,radishes,carrots,etc.,arewashedwithwater,ifyouwanttokeepthemfreshforalongtime,theyshouldbewrappedinnewspaperandplacedinaventilatedplaceupright.

4.Simplepackaging:freshlybakedsweetpotatoeswillstainyourhands.Becausethetemperatureistoohightouseplasticbagsanditisunhealthy,manyvendorschoosetouseoldnewspaperstopacksweetpotatoes.

Thebestofnewspapers

China

TheBritishLibraryinLondon,UnitedKingdom,hasthe"IntroductiontotheCourt"fromDunhuangandTangGuiyifromChina,whichisconsideredtobetheearliestexistingnewspaperintheworld.

ThefirstChinese-languagedailypublishedinChinawasthe"WaizhongXinbao"foundedinHongKongin1858.LinZexu,somepeopleinmoderntimessaythathewasthefirstpersonintheQingDynastytoopenhiseyestotheworld.The"MacauNewsprint"hepublishedisTheearliesttranslatednewspapersinChina."MacaoNewsprint"and"MacaoMonthly"(WeiYuan'snameusedin"SeaStatePictorial")althoughtheyarecallednewspapers,theyarenotpublishedpublicly.

PublishedinGuangzhouin1872"NewRecordsofYangchengMining"isthefirstmodernnewspaperpublishedinmainlandChina.

"ZhaowenXinbao":Foundedin1873byAiXiaomeiandHankou,thefirstmodernnewspaperrunbytheChinese.

[ModernChineseNewspaper]TheTimesduringtheReformMovementof1898

TheMinbaoduringtheRevolutionof1911

May4thDuringthemovement,"NewYouth"becameaweapontoimproverevolutionandnewculture.

World

Thesmallestnewspaperintheworld

February16,2012,inPontaDelgada,Azores,Portugal,alocalweeklynewspaper

TerraNostrawasrecognizedasthesmallestnewspaperintheworldbytheGuinnessBookofRecords.Thewidthis32×22mm.Ithas24pages,andthecontentinvolvescurrentaffairs,entertainment,andpuzzles.Althoughthenewspaperissmall,thewordsarestillclearlyvisible.Price:4.50pounds(approximately70.2¥).Thisnewspaperisaminiversionofitsnormalversion,andonly1,000copiesareissuedworldwide.

Thisissueofthenewspapertitled"EmbracetheWorld"has32pagesandneedstobemagnified6to8timeswithamagnifyingglasstoreadit.

Theworld’slongestnewspaper

In1988,theFrench"MancheNews"publishedtheworld’slongestnewspapertocelebratetheNationalNewsFestival,Upto2.5kilometers.

Theworld’slargestnewspaper

TocelebratethelaunchoftheAsianeditionoftheBritish"FinancialTimes",thenewspaperrecentlyopeneditsheadquartersinHongKong,whereitsAsianeditionisheadquartered.Theworld’slargest"newspaper"ishungontheeastandnorthfacadesofPhase2oftheInternationalFinanceCenter.The415-meterbuildingisthetallestinHongKongandthethirdtallestintheworld.Theoutdooradvertisementofthisnewspaperis226metershighandcoversanareaof​​nearly20,000squaremeters.Ittook425litersofinktomake.

MainlandChina

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